It is concluded that Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (
CAKUT) was found to be the underlying etiology of chronic kidney disease in majority of our children who underwent CAPD.
Data of 30 patients with
CAKUT aged between 1 and 41 months and 32 healthy children were included in the study.
We found structural abnormalities of urinary tract in 14% and almost all had
CAKUT except one who had stone disease.
Etiology of chronic kidney disease in children CKD ESRD Etiology Percentage (Range) Etiology Percentage (Range)
CAKUT 48-59%
CAKUT 34-43% GN 5-14% GN 15-29% HN 10-19% HN 12-22% HUS 2-6% HUS 2-6% Cystic 5-9% Cystic 6-12% Ischemic 2-4% Ischemic 2% Rare causes include congenital NS, metabolic diseases, cystinosis/Miscellaneous causes depend on how such entities are classified.
Our research group has recently reported a correlation between high urinary levels of CXCL8/IL-8 and reduced glomerular filtration rate in
CAKUT patients, suggesting that this chemokine might be associated with renal scarring and CKD [12].
* Early diagnosis and appropriate management can prevent development of complications in many infants with
CAKUT.
In this section, we reported studies that associated cytokines with relevant clinical consequences of
CAKUT such as acute pyelonephritis, urinary tract obstruction, and renal scarring.
Knowledge of the embryologic development of the kidney would appear to provide a logical basis for explaining departures from normal renal development and was especially popular for many
CAKUT lesions.
ADPKD was the most common inherited kidney disease diagnosis, accounting for 40.3% of cases, followed by
CAKUT (11.5%), Alport syndrome (9.4%), and ARPKD (7.2%) (Table 5).
* congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urogenital tract (
CAKUT), e.g.
Prophylactic antibiotic treatment prevents the recurrence of urinary tract infections in children with
CAKUT