fissure

fissure

 [fish´er]

1. a narrow slit or cleft, especially one of the deeper or more constant furrows separating the gyri of the brain.

2. a deep cleft in the surface of a tooth, usually due to imperfect fusion of the enamel of the adjoining dental lobes. It can be treated with a dental sealant to decrease risk of caries.

abdominal fissure a congenital cleft in the abdominal wall; see also gastroschisis and thoracoceloschisis. Called also celoschisis.

anal fissure (fissure in ano) a painful lineal ulcer at the margin of the anus.

anterior median fissure a longitudinal furrow along the midline of the ventral surface of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata.

fissure of Bichat transverse fissure (def. 2).

branchial fissure pharyngeal groove.

central fissure fissure of Rolando.

collateral fissure a longitudinal fissure on the inferior surface of the cerebral hemisphere between the fusiform gyrus and the hippocampal gyrus.

Henle's f's spaces filled with connective tissue between the muscular fibers of the heart.

hippocampal fissure one extending from the splenium of the corpus callosum almost to the tip of the temporal lobe; called also hippocampal sulcus.

longitudinal fissure the deep fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres.

palpebral fissure the longitudinal opening between the eyelids.

portal fissure porta hepatis.

posterior median fissure

1. a shallow vertical groove in the closed part of the medulla oblongata, continuous with the posterior median fissure of the spinal cord.

2. a shallow vertical groove dividing the spinal cord throughout its length in the midline posteriorly; called also posterior median sulcus.

presylvian fissure the anterior branch of the fissure of Sylvius.

pudendal fissure rima pudendi.

Rolando's fissure (fissure of Rolando) a groove running obliquely across the superolateral surface of a cerebral hemisphere, separating the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. Called also central fissure and central sulcus.

fissure of round ligament one on the visceral surface of the liver, lodging the round ligament in the adult.

sylvian fissure (fissure of Sylvius) one extending laterally between the temporal and frontal lobes, and turning posteriorly between the temporal and parietal lobes.

transverse fissure

1. porta hepatis.

2. the transverse cerebral fissure between the diencephalon and the cerebral hemispheres; called also fissure of Bichat.

zygal fissure any of the fissures on the cerebral cortex that consist of two branches connected by a stem.

fis·sure

(fish'ŭr),

1. A deep furrow, cleft, or slit; a gap between bones or bony elements. (For most of the brain fissures, see entries under sulcus.)

2. In dentistry, a developmental break or fault in the tooth enamel.

Synonym(s): fissura (1) [TA]

[L. fissura]

fissure

/fis·sure/ (fish´er)

1. any cleft or groove, normal or otherwise, especially a deep fold in the cerebral cortex involving its entire thickness.

2. a fault in the enamel surface of a tooth.

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abdominal fissure  a congenital cleft in the abdominal wall.

anal fissure , fissure in ano painful lineal ulcer at the margin of the anus.

anterior median fissure  a longitudinal furrow along the midline of the anterior aspect of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata.

basisylvian fissure  the part of the sylvian fissure between the temporal lobe and the orbital surface of the frontal bone.

fissure of Bichat  transverse f. (2).

branchial fissure 

1. branchial cleft (1).

2. pharyngeal groove.

calcarine fissure  see under sulcus.

central fissure  see under sulcus.

collateral fissure  see under sulcus.

enamel fissure  fissure (2).

hippocampal fissure  see under sulcus.

palpebral fissure  the longitudinal opening between the eyelids.

parietooccipital fissure  see under sulcus.

portal fissure  porta hepatis.

posterior median fissure  see under sulcus.

presylvian fissure  the anterior branch of the fissure of Sylvius.

primary fissure of cerebellum  that separating the cranial and caudal lobes in the cerebellum.

fissure of Rolando  central sulcus of cerebrum.

sphenooccipital fissure  the fissure between the basilar part of the occipital bone and the sphenoid bone.

sylvian fissure , fissure of Sylvius one extending laterally between the temporal and frontal lobes, and turning posteriorly between the temporal and parietal lobes.

transverse fissure 

1. porta hepatis.

2. the transverse cerebral fissure between the diencephalon and the cerebral hemispheres.

fissure

(fĭsh′ər)

n.

1. A long narrow opening; a crack or cleft.

2. The process of splitting or separating; division.

3. A separation into subgroups or factions; a schism.

4. Anatomy A normal groove or furrow, as in the liver or brain, that divides an organ into lobes or parts.

5. Medicine A break in the skin, usually where it joins a mucous membrane, producing a cracklike sore or ulcer.

intr. & tr.v. fis·sured, fis·suring, fis·sures

To form a crack or cleft or cause a crack or cleft in.

fissure

[fish′ər]

Etymology: L, fissura, cleft

1 a cleft or groove on the surface of an organ, often marking its division into parts, such as the lobes of the lung.

2 a cracklike lesion of the skin, such as an anal fissure.

3 a lineal fault on a bony surface that occurs during the development of a part, such as a fissure in the enamel of a tooth. A fissure is usually deeper than a sulcus, but in the terminology of anatomy fissure and sulcus are often used interchangeably. Also called fissura. fissured, adj.

Fissures

fissure

Dermatology A groove, cleft, or sulcus, which may or may not be normal. See Anal fissure, Slanted palpebral fissure Neurology A groove or narrow cleft that separates 2 parts, such as the cerebral hemispheres of the brain.

fis·sure

(fish'ŭr)

1. A deep furrow, cleft, or slit.
See also: sulcus
Synonym(s): fissura (2) .

2. dentistry A developmental break or fault in the tooth enamel.
Synonym(s): fissura (1) .

fissure

A deep groove or furrow that divides an organ, such as the brain, into lobes.

Fissure

A deep crack.

Mentioned in: Diabetic Foot Infections

fissure

deep epidermal cleft that penetrates to dermis; frequently painful and may become infected; may complicate fungal foot infections; treated by addressing the underlying cause

• heel fissures fissuring of heel perimeter skin, associated with anhidrosis and loss of elasticity of perimeter skin (e.g. diabetes, hypothyroidism, the elderly), local fungal infection (causing loss of normal tensile skin strength), perimeter heel callus and loss of skin elasticity (e.g. overweight or clinically obese patients, compensated rearfoot and/or forefoot pronation); treated as necessary, e.g. addressing underlying systemic disease, identification and treatment of tinea pedis, reduction of local hyperkeratosis, regular application of hydrating emollients, referral for advice on weight control (see Box 1)

• interdigital fissures fissures at depth of interdigital cleft between two adjacent toes; associated with skin maceration, hyperhidrosis, tinea infection or foot type characterized by excessive forefoot sagittal-plane movement (in compensation for forefoot or whole-foot varus); treated as necessary by topical astringents, antifungal preparations, orthoses

• webbing fissure fissuring of plantar toe skin at its junction with plantar webbing; associated with dyshidrotic (hyperhidrotic or anhidrotic) skin and/or tinea pedis; treated by addressing dyshidrosis and/or use of antifungal preparations

• Gentle massage to stimulate skin blood flow

• Daily application of an emollient or hydrating cream

• Reduction of hyperkeratosis/parakeratosis (scalpel, sanding disc, topical keratolytic)

• Associated fissuring: reduction of local hyperkeratosis; topical ichthammol 12% in collodion, ichthammol in glycerin ± overlying tension strapping

• Associated fungal infection: see Table 1

Table 1: Treatment of fungal infections of skin and nails

Infection site	Agent
	Antimycotic agent (for the treatment of dermatophytosis)
Skin	Topical allylamine (e.g. 1% terbinafine cream for 7 days) Topical imidazoles (e.g. 2% miconazole or 1% clotrimazole for 28 days) Topical 0.25% amorolfine Topical 1% econazole Topical griseofulvin spray (400 µg puff daily for 14 days) Topical 1% sulconazole Topical tea tree (manuka) oil Topical undecenoate (20% zinc undecenoate + 5% undecenoic acid) Topical Whitfield's ointment (6% benzoic acid + 3% salicylic acid) Other topicals include: weak iodine solution 2.5%; potassium permanganate paint 1%; salicylate acid cream or alcoholic solution 3–5%; benzoic acid (Whitfield's) ointment; sodium polymetaphosphate dusting powder Systemic terbinafine (250 mg daily for 2 weeks) Systemic itraconazole (100 mg daily for 15 days) Systemic griseofulvin (500 mg daily )
Nail	Topical amorolfine 0.25% lacquer as an adjunct to systemic treatment Topical borotannic acid complex acid; Phytex paint (1.46% salicylic acid + 4.89% tannic acid + 3.12% boric acid) Topical 28% tioconazole lacquer Topical undecenoate lacquer; Monphytol paint (5% methyl undecenoate + 0.7% propyl undecenoate + 3% salicylic acid + 25% methyl salicylate + 5% propyl salicylate + 3% chlorambucil) Other topicals: strong iodine 10% solution Systemic terbinafine (250 mg daily for 12–16 weeks) Systemic itraconazole (400 mg for 1 week in a month, repeated overall 3 or 4 times) Anticandidal agent (for the treatment of candidiasis)
Skin	Topical antimycotic creams (1% clotrimazole; 1% econazole; 2% miconazole) Topical nystatin (100 000 units ± 1% tolnaftate) Antipityriasis versicolor agent (for the treatment of pityriasis versicolor)
Skin	Topical 2% ketoconazole Topical 2.5% selenium sulphide Topical antimycotic agents (1% clotrimazole; 1% econazole; 2% miconazole; 1% sulconazole; 1% terbinafine) Systemic fluconazole/itraconazole/ketoconazole/miconazole/voriconazole

fissure,

n 1. cracklike groove on an organ's surface.
2. lesion resembling a crack—for example, anal fissures.

Fissure.

fissure

A cleft or a groove found in an organ. In the brain, it usually applies to the deepest cleft. See sulcus.
calcarine fissure Fissure on the medial aspect of the occipital lobe separating the upper and lower halves. Its anterior portion is in front of the parieto-occipital fissure and the posterior portion extends round the occipital pole and even appears for a short distance on the lateral surface where it ends at the lunate sulcus. Syn. calcarine sulcus. See visual area; line of Gennari.
embryonic fissure See optic fissure.
inferior orbital fissure An elongated opening lying between the lateral wall and the floor of the orbit. It is bounded anteriorly by the maxilla and the orbital process of the palate bone and posteriorly by the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Syn. sphenomaxillary fissure. See infraorbital artery; zygomatic nerve; Table O4.
interpalpebral fissure See palpebral aperture.
optic fissure An invagination of the inferior portion of the optic stalk of the embryo. The hyaloid vessels pass through that fissure to supply the developing crystalline lens. In cases in which the invagination (or fissure) fails to fully close, colobomas will be formed. Syn. embryonic fissure; choroidal fissure. See hyaloid artery; optic cup.
palpebral fissure See palpebral aperture.
sphenoidal fissure See superior orbital fissure.
sphenomaxillary fissure See inferior orbital fissure.
superior orbital fissure An elongated opening lying between the roof and the lateral walls of the orbit, that is, between the two wings of the sphenoid bone. Syn. sphenoidal fissure. See abducens nerve; oculomotor nerve; ophthalmic nerve; trochlear nerve; superior ophthalmic vein; Table O4.

fis·sure

(fish'ŭr)

In dentistry, developmental break or fault in tooth enamel.

fissure,

n a deep groove or cleft; commonly the result of the imperfect fusion of the enamel or adjoining dental lobes.

fissure, gingival,

n See cleft, gingival.

fissure, inferior orbital,

n the opening between the maxilla and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone through which the inferior ophthalmic vein, infraorbital artery, and infraorbital and zygomatic nerves travel.

fissure, pterygomaxillary

n the most posterior point in the anterior contour of the maxillary tuberosity.

fissure

1. a narrow slit or cleft, especially one of the deeper or more constant furrows separating the gyri of the brain.

2. in dermatology a deep crack in the skin, often through a scab, which penetrates into the subcutis.

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abdominal fissure

a congenital cleft in the abdominal wall.

anal fissure, fissure in ano

a painful linear ulcer at the margin of the anus.

fissure of Bichat

transverse fissure (2).

branchial fissure

branchial cleft.

central fissure

fissure of Rolando.

collateral fissure

a longitudinal fissure on the ventral surface of the cerebral hemisphere between the fusiform gyrus and the hippocampal gyrus.

dorsal median fissure

1. a shallow vertical groove in the closed part of the medulla oblongata, continuous with the dorsal median sulcus of the spinal cord.

2. a shallow vertical groove dividing the spinal cord throughout its whole length in the midline dorsally. Called also dorsal median sulcus.

ear fissure

a split in the margin of the pinna which can gradually become larger from continued trauma.

hippocampal fissure

one extending from the splenium of the corpus callosum almost to the tip of the temporal lobe; called also hippocampal sulcus.

interhemispheric fissure

the fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres in birds.

interincisive fissure

fissure between the two incisive bones at the rostral end of the pig's face.

laryngeal fissure

the dorsal laryngeal furrow.

ligamentum teres fissure

on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver; houses the ligamentum teres.

fissure lines

in radiology, the variation in radiodensity indicating the division between lobes of the lung.

longitudinal fissure

the deep fissure between the cerebral hemispheres.

macropalpebral fissure

an enlarged palpebral fissure.

optic fissure

a ventral fissure in the developing optic cup through which blood vessels pass to the enclosed mesenchyme.

orbital fissure

see orbital foramen.

palatine fissure

a pair of fissures perforating the rostral extremity of the palate.

palpebral fissure

the opening between the eyelids.

perianal fissure

see perianal fistula.

petrotympanic fissure

the chorda tympani, on its way to merge with the lingual branch of the mandibular nerve, passes across the tympanic cavity and emerges at the petrotympanic fissure.

portal fissure

porta hepatis.

presylvian fissure

the ventral branch of the fissure of Sylvius.

reverse fissure

mediastinal fluid dissects into fissures between lung lobes causing fissure lines on radiographs to appear wide centrally and narrower peripherally.

Rolando's fissure, fissure of Rolando

a groove running obliquely across the superolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, separating the frontal from the parietal lobe. Called also central fissure and central sulcus.

round ligament fissure

one on the visceral surface of the liver, lodging the round ligament in the adult.

sylvian fissure, fissure of Sylvius

one extending laterally between the temporal and frontal lobes, and turning dorsally between the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain.

transverse fissure

1. porta hepatis.

2. the transverse cerebral fissure between the diencephalon and the cerebral hemispheres; called also fissure of Bichat.

tympano-occipital fissure

on the ventral surface of the skull, near the confluence of the osseous bulla and the occipital bone, this pair of fissures serve as conduits for the glossopharyngeal, vagal and accessory nerves in species without a jugular foramen.

ventral median fissure

a longitudinal furrow along the midline of the ventral surface of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata.

zygal fissure

a cerebral fissure consisting of two branches connected by a stem.

Patient discussion about fissure

Q. What are the dentists going to do if I have Pit and fissure caries? I look at my teeth and i see tiny black stuff on the fissures of my molars. I am so freakin scared. Are the dentists going to do something painful?

A. Well you will have to see a dentist if you want an answer on what kind of treatment they will offer you. Today dentists use good anesthesia so anything they will do is not supposed to be painful.