betaine

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betaine

[be´tah-ēn]

the carboxylic acid derived by oxidation of choline; it acts as a transmethylating metabolic intermediate and is used in the treatment of homocystinuria. The hydrochloride salt is used as a gastric acidifier.

be·ta·ine

(bē'tă-īn), Avoid the mispronunciation bē'tān.

1. An oxidation product of choline and a transmethylating intermediate in metabolism.

2. A class of compounds related to betaine. (1) (that is, R₃N⁺-CHR'-COO^-), for example, glycine betaine.

Synonym(s): glycine betaine

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

betaine

(bē′tə-ēn′, -ĭn)

1. A sweet-tasting crystalline alkaloid, C₅H₁₁NO₂, found in sugar beets and other plants, used to treat certain metabolic disorders, especially an enzyme defect that causes excessive levels of homocysteine in the blood and urine.

2. Any of several alkaloids with similar structures.

be·ta·ine

(bā'tă-ēn)

An oxidation product of choline and a transmethylating intermediate in metabolism.

Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012

References in periodicals archive ?

harmala parts included sucrose, harmine, proline, lysine, betaine, acetic acid, harmaline, vasicine, choline, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, and asparagine.

Study of Methanol Extracts from Different Parts of Peganum harmala L. Using [sup.1]H-NMR Plant Metabolomics

The Effects of Salt Treatment on Proline and Glycine Betaine Content.

Comparative ecophysiological study of salt stress for wild and cultivated soybean species from the Yellow River Delta, China

For osmotic adjustment, plants use inorganic ions such as [Na.sup.+] and [K.sup.+] and/or synthesize organic compatible solutes such as proline, betaine, polyols, and soluble sugars.

Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants

Interest in the medical use of betaine [2(N,N,N-trimethyl-ammonium) acetate] has been generated by the knowledge of its importance as an alternative homocysteine methylating agent.

Simple method for the routine determination of betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine in blood and urine

Cycloteric[R] - Alkyl dimethyl betaines, Alkyl amido betaines, Alkyl amino propionates, Amphoacetates

CEDAR CONCEPTS

Type Electrical Charge Anchoring Groups Anionic Negative Phosphates, Sulfonates, Sulfates, Carboxylates Cationic Positive Quaternary Ammonium Salts of fatty amines Amphoteric pH dependent Betaines, Phospholipids Non ionic No Charge Ethoxylates Table 2: Surface tension of common solvents used in coatings Solvent Surface tension, mN/m Mineral Spirits 25.20 Xylene 30.10 MEK 24.60 Ethyl Acetate 23.90 Water 72.80 Table 3.

Four steps to effective pigment dispersions: starting from scratch

Schnaare, "Antimicrobial evaluation of N-alkyl betaines and N-alkyl-N, N-dimethyl-amine oxides with variations in chain length," Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.

Synthesis and Bacteriostatic Activities of Bis(thiourea) Derivatives with Variable Chain Length

Miller, "Surface Active Betaines," in Amphoteric Swfactants, B.L.

Synthesis and cyclopolymerization of diallylammoniomethanesulfonate

The class of amphoteric surfactants is represented by betaines and certain lecithins, while nonionic surfactants include polyethylene oxide, alcohols, and other polar groups.

Potentiometric titration of surfactants without chloroform: Metrohm says that it is possible to test without using chloroform

Determination of betaines by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry: identification of glycine betaine deficient genotypes of Zea mays.

Genotypic variation for glycinebetaine in Sorghum. (Crop Physiology & Metabolism)

Betaines in particular will benefit from their ability to replace diethanolamine in formulations where nitrosamine formation is of concern.

US demand for surfactants is forecast to expand 2.7 percent annually, reaching 9.2 billion pounds in the year 2002