Furthermore, it has been proposed that IH could be derived from placental
angioblasts, and would explain the placenta-like characteristics of IHH such as high D3 activity and self-limited growth (10,17,18).
Therefore, expression of TIE-2 substantiates the presence of an intermediate stage that gives rise to both haemogenic endothelium (HE) and
angioblasts [30].
Angiogenesis means new vessels are produced from mature endothelial cells of preexisting vessels [17], while vasculogenesis refers to the growth of new blood vessels from endothelial cells acting as precursor cells, such as
angioblasts or EPCs [18].
Szabolcs et al., "Neovascularization of ischemic myocardium by human bone-marrowderived
angioblasts prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduces remodeling and improves cardiac function," Nature Medicine, vol.
Nishiue et al., "Implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells into ischemic myocardium enhances collateral perfusion and regional function via side supply of
angioblasts, angiogenic ligands, and cytokines," Circulation, vol.
The tumor like growths in different organs may include different cell types (ex: fibroblasts,
angioblasts, glioblasts, neuroblasts and cardiac myoblasts).
Neovascularization of ischemic myocardium by human bone-marrow-derived
angioblasts prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduces remodeling and improves cardiac function.
Some scientists had claimed that the lymphatic system was derived from specialized stem cells called
angioblasts, whereas others had argued that it originated by the differentiation of pre-existing embryonic veins.
The smallest blood vessels are single-layer capillaries composed of endothelial cells, which originate from
angioblasts, and the most primitive ones have a single endothelial cell wrapped around to join with itself, forming a primitive cell ring.
It has been shown that the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2, known also Flk1) was expressed in
angioblasts and its function is essential for the differentiation of endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells [45].
Szabolcs et al., "Neovascularization of ischemic myocardium by human bone-marrow derived
angioblasts prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduces remodeling and improves cardiac function," Nature Medicine, vol.
Vascular growth is usually categorized as angiogenesis (new capillaries from pre-existing ones) and arteriogenesis (the in situ development of vessels from
angioblasts) (17).