Anne Boleyn's pregnancies were a textbook example of Kell
alloimmunization with a healthy first child and subsequent late-term miscarriages.
The increased need for platelets may indicate he is becoming refractory from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
alloimmunization (Eisenberg, 2010).
* Finally, there is the concept of
alloimmunization, with the possibility that fetal antigens shared by tumor cells stimulate an immune response in the mother.
In one study, it was found that an apparent 43% of the cases of underlying alloantibodies actually involved mimicking autoantibodies, which reduced the real
alloimmunization rate of this patient population to 23%.
Therefore the attempts to have universal/stealth group of blood, which can be transfused to any patient without any immunological problem (
alloimmunization).
However, it is associated with some adverse effects such as iron overload, increased
alloimmunization, and possible increased exposure to pathogens.
Alloimmunization may lead to immunological reactions in case of future stimulation by a similar antigen.
The decision is based on the evidence that leukocyte reduction reduces non-hemolytic febrile reactions, prevents
alloimmunization, reduces transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV), and may reduce transfusion-related suppression of the immune system.
A prospective study of the incidence of red cell
alloimmunization following transfusions.
Leukocyte reduction also has been used to reduce
alloimmunization and transfusion-transmitted infections (2).