Tgfbr1 is also called activin receptor-like kinase receptor (
Alk5 ),[22]
ALK5 protein is strongly expressed in perichondrial progenitor cells for osteoblasts and in a thin chondrocyte layer located adjacent to the perichondrium in the peripheral cartilage.[23] Conditional knockout of the TGF-[sz] type I receptor
Alk5 in skeletal progenitor cells resulted in growth plates that had an abnormally thin perichondrial cell layer, as well as reduced proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.[24]
Signaling through Tgf-beta type I receptor
Alk5 is required for upper lip fusion.
TGF-[beta] does its biological activities through serine/threonine kinase cell surface receptors, namely TGF-[beta] type II receptor (T[beta]RII) and TGF-[beta] type I receptor (T[beta]RI), also known as activin-like kinase 5 (
AlK5), and affects the regulation of target genes via Smad transcription factors.
Moreover, the 1, 2, 4, 5 tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives are strong inhibitors of thromboxane A2 synthase and also hold back against p38 MAP kinase, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and (TGF-b1) type 1 activin receptor like kinase (
ALK5) (Nikalje et al., 2015).
Callahan et al., "SB-431542 is a potent and specific inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily type I activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) receptors ALK4,
ALK5, and ALK7," Molecular Pharmacology, vol.
Once activated, TGF-[beta] binds to the serine-threonine kinase receptor TGF-[beta] receptor II (T[beta]RII) which phosphorylates TGF-[beta] receptor I (
ALK5).
V Bakin, "
ALK5 promotes tumor angiogenesis by upregulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 in tumor cells," Oncogene, vol.
SB431542 is a selective and potent inhibitor of the TGF-[beta] pathway through suppression of the activin A receptors
ALK5, ALK4, and ALK7.
Una de ellas asociada a las proteinas Smad, que a traves del receptor
ALK5 facilitan la movilidad y autoinducen la produccion autocrina de TGF-[beta], amplificando esta via [4].
Krystof,
ALK5 kinase inhibitory activity and synthesis of 2,3,4-substituted 5,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyra zoles.
To further explore the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the regulation TGF-[beta]1/Smad pathway, we investigated the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on EMT using SB525334, a specific inhibitor of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (
ALK5), which could block the activation of Smad2/3.