In contrast, if the RBCs do not express the
ABO antigen recognized by the antibody, then both RBCs and plasma continue to migrate along the paper strip to the detection zone.
ABO antigen type has been postulated from many reports as a risk factor for some cardiovascular diseases [8-10], cancers [11-14], and infectious diseases [15-17].
Alterations in
ABO antigen expression on thesurface of malignant cells, compared to normal epithelium, have been seen for a variety oftumor types, including breast cancer [16].
Standard
ABO antigen blood typing was performed at the Kern County Health Department laboratories.
The possible supply of
ABO antigens from the wall of the pulpal chamber to the dentin margins and to the enamel steadily diminishes due to less potential of diffusion of antigens from both saliva and blood.3,6
Besides being expressed on the surface of red blood cells,
ABO antigens are strongly expressed on the surface of a variety of human cells and tissues, including the epithelium, sensory neurons, platelets, and vascular endothelium (2).
But in contrast to above-mentioned findings, Grundbacher et al and Marsh et al had opined that there existed a poor quantitative relationship between maternal antibody levels and the ensuing haemolytic process, which was attributed to variations in the strength and reactivity of
ABO antigens among infants.
The regulation of ABO blood group system is under the control of ABO gene expression.7 Genes for
ABO antigens and Rh antigen are located on chromosome no.
(16) ABO HDFN tends to be clinically less severe because
ABO antigens are only weakly expressed in fetal development and also because of the presence of
ABO antigens in secretions of some fetuses that will neutralize maternal antibodies.
However, the organ-specific pattern of
ABO antigens allows an exception for ABOi kidney transplantation.
ABO antigens are highly expressed not only in red blood cells but also in human tissues and most epithelial and endothelial cells [18, 19].
[3] However, along with their expression on RBCs,
ABO antigens are also highly expressed on the surface of a variety of human cells and tissues, including the epithelium, sensory neurons, platelets, and the vascular endothelium.