wood sugar
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wood sug·ar
d-xylose. See: xylose.
wood sugar
n.
See xylose.
sugar
(shug'ar) [Ult. fr. Arabic sukkar via L. succarum]A sweet-tasting, low-molecular-weight carbohydrate of the monosaccharide or disaccharide groups. Common sugars include fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and xylose. Oral or parenteral administration of sugars can prevent hypoglycemia caused by insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents.
Classification
Sugars are classified in two ways: the number of atoms of simple sugars yielded on hydrolysis by a molecule of the given sugar and the number of carbon atoms in the molecules of the simple sugars so obtained. Therefore, glucose is a monosaccharide because it cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler sugar; it is a hexose because it contains six carbon atoms per molecule. Sucrose is a disaccharide because on hydrolysis it yields two molecules, one of glucose and one of fructose.
See: carbohydratebeet sugar
Sucrose obtained from sugar beets.
birch sugar
Xylose.blood sugar
Glucose in the blood, normally 60 to 100 mg/100 ml of blood. It rises after consumption of a meal to variable levels, depending on the content of the meal, the activity level of and medications used by the consumer, and other variables. In diabetes mellitus, fasting blood sugar levels exceed 126 mg/dl.
See: glucosecane sugar
Sucrose obtained from sugar cane.
fruit sugar
Fructose.grape sugar
Glucose.invert sugar
Mixture consisting of one molecule of glucose and one of fructose resulting from the hydrolysis of sucrose.
malt sugar
Maltose.milk sugar
Lactose.muscle sugar
Inositol. It is not a true sugar.
simple sugar
A sugar molecule made of few components (e.g., a monosaccharide or disaccharide).