urine pH

urine pH,

the hydrogen ion concentration of the urine, or a measure of its acidity or alkalinity. The normal pH value for urine is 4.6 to 8.0.

---

urine

the fluid containing water and waste products which are secreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder and discharged by way of the urethra. See also urinary.

---

urine albumin

see albuminuria.

urine alkalinization

increasing the pH of urine by the administration of alkalinizing agents such as sodium bicarbonate; used to increase the solubility of cystine in the management of cystine urolithiasis in dogs.

blood in urine

see hematuria.

urine burn

see urine scald (below).

urine calculi

see urolith, urolithiasis.

urine casts

see urinary casts.

urine cells

see urine sediment (below).

urine chromogens

see chromogen.

urine concentration test

see water deprivation test.

urine creatine

see creatinuria.

urine crystals

see crystalluria.

urine drinking

in farm animals is observed in nutritional deficiency of sodium chloride.

urine flow

the rate of flow may be reduced—oliguria, absent—anuria, or increased—polyuria.

urine flowmetry

measure of urine flow rates.

urine glucose

see glucosuria.

urine hemoglobin

see hemoglobinuria.

urine immunoglobulins

may be found in small amounts in normal animals. Increased amounts occur in renal disease due to disruption of glomeruli and defects in tubular reabsorption.

urine indican

see indicanuria.

urine ketones

see ketonuria.

urine marking

see spraying.

metastable urine

calcium oxalate crystals are maintained and can enlarge in urine oversaturated with these minerals.

urine methemoglobin

see methemoglobinuria.

urine myoglobin

see myoglobinuria.

urine osmolality

a measure of the number of dissolved particles per unit of water in urine. See also osmolality.

oversaturated urine

calcium and oxalate crystals will spontaneously precipitate, grow and aggregate.

urine peritonitis

caused by the presence of urine in the peritoneal cavity as in rupture of the bladder.

urine pH

the normal range varies with the animal species. Herbivores have a higher pH than carnivores because of differences in the diet. Alterations occur with changes in acid-base balance and infection in the urinary tract.

urine protein

see proteinuria.

pus in urine

see pyuria.

red urine

see hematuria, hemoglobinuria.

residual urine

urine remaining in the bladder after urination; seen in bladder outlet obstruction (as by prostatic hypertrophy) and disorders affecting nerves controlling bladder function.

urine sample collection

midstream collection is standard; for culture the sample should be collected by catheter or suprapubic, percutaneous needle insertion into the bladder.

urine scald

scalding of the perineal area, and sometimes the hindlegs, by urine. It may be the result of urinary incontinence or the animal's inability to assume normal posture when urinating, i.e. paresis or paralysis of the hindlimbs. In rabbits it is caused by poor cage accommodation and frequent wetting of the area with urine. Secondary infection of the dermatitis is common.

urine sediment

a centrifuged deposit suitable for microscopic examination for the presence of cells, casts, bacteria, crystals, etc.

urine specific gravity

see specific gravity.

subcutaneous urine aggregation

urine leaking from a damaged urethra collects in a subcutaneous site.