urethral pressure profile

profile [pro´fīl]

1. a simple outline, as of the side view of the head or face.

2. a graph representing quantitatively a set of characteristics determined by tests.

biophysical profile a numeric scoring system used to assess the well-being of the fetus in high-risk pregnancies, based on the nonstress test combined with sonographic evaluation of fetal breathing, fetal movements, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume, and, sometimes, the echogenicity of the placenta.

PULSES profile a tool for early functional assessment, comprising assessment of physical condition, upper limb function, lower limb function, sensory components, excretory function, and emotional or mental status.

urethral pressure profile (UPP) a record of the resistance of the urethra to fluid flow, measured as variations in urethral pressure. A liquid or gas is pumped into the bladder with a catheter in place and the catheter is slowly withdrawn while measurements are taken of the pressure at various points in the urethra. It is usually done from the internal orifice to the external orifice in females and from the internal orifice to the sphincter urethrae muscle in males.

urethral

pertaining to or emanating from urethra.

urethral agenesis, urethral atresia

failure of development of all or part of the urethra: characterized by complete urine retention. A rare cause of neonatal uremia.

urethral calculus

causes a syndrome of acute urethral obstruction (below).

urethral diverticulum

see urachal diverticulum.

urethral fistula

due to trauma; occurs in bulls in which the urethra lies superficially near its end. A fistula may affect the discharge of semen from the normal meatus sufficiently to cause infertility.

urethral groove

a median groove along the ventral surface of the genital tubercle providing an eventual location for the penile urethra in the male.

urethral hydropulsion

see hydropropulsion.

urethral hypoplasia

a cause of urinary incontinence in female dogs and rarely cats.

urethral muscle

striated muscle in the wall of the male pelvic urethra.

urethral obstruction

causes acute abdominal pain with grunting and straining to urinate, tail switching, distention of the bladder, dripping of blood-stained urine, protrusion of the penis. Eventually the bladder ruptures or the urethra perforates. Caused usually by calculus. See also urolithiasis.

urethral perforation

occurs usually at the site of urethral obstruction by a calculus. Causes urinary infiltration of the ventral abdominal wall and terminal uremia. Called also waterbelly. Rarely the accumulation occurs retroperitoneally and is palpable rectally. See also hypospadias.

Subcutaneous swelling containing urine due to urolithiasis and urethral perforation. By permission from Blowey RW, Weaver AD, Diseases and Disorders of Cattle, Mosby, 1997

urethral plate

a solid cord of endodermal cells which arise from the floor of the urogenital sinus, contributing to the formation of the urethral groove.

urethral plug

occurs in male cats causing urethral obstruction; associated with feline urological syndrome. The plug is composed of proteinaceous material with cellular debris and struvite crystals.

urethral pressure profile

a study of the intraurethral pressure as a means of identifying the cause of urinary incontinence in dogs and cats.

urethral pressure profilometry

a measure of intraurethral pressures; used in the investigation of urinary incompetence in dogs and cats. Usually carried out with a pressure-measuring device in the tip of a catheter placed in the urethra and bladder.

urethral process

the extension of the urethra beyond the end of the glans penis. In the horse it is mostly concealed in the urethral fossa. In small ruminants it is in the form of a 1 to 2 inch long filiform appendage and is easily injured during shearing, interfering with the animal's subsequent fertility.

urethral prolapse

protrusion of urethral mucosa at the end of the penis.

urethral prosthesis

a synthetic conduit used in the treatment of urethral stricture or obstruction in cats, particularly following an unsuccessful urethrostomy.

proximal urethral ulceration

causes hematuria at the end of urination in horses.

urethral rupture

see urethral perforation (above).

urethral sling

see colposuspension.

urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence

a cause of urinary incontinence in female dogs and occasionally cats.

urethral stricture

caused by trauma, particularly injury associated with urethral calculi or urethral surgery. Clinically similar to obstruction except that the condition is subacute or chronic and characterized by a persistently distended bladder, dribbling of urine and the passage of a thin stream, usually accompanied by straining.

urethral pressure profile

Urology A dataset used to determine the functional length, resting pressure, and maximal pressure of the urethral sphincter mechanisms

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arterial blood pressure arterial pressure atmospheric pressure auto-PEEP barometric pressure biophysical profile blood pressure capillary pressure central venous pressure cerebral perfusion pressure cerebrospinal pressure CVP filling pressure high blood pressure intracranial pressure intraocular pressure intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure maximal expiratory pressure maximum inspiratory pressure			The TOMUS urodynamics protocol will assess the value of the 2 most common urethral function studies, the Valsalva Leak Point Pressure (VLPP) and the Urethral Pressure Profile (UPP). The Trial Of Mid-Urethral Slings (TOMUS): design and methodology: ... by Journal of Applied Research			urethane urethr(o)- urethr- urethra urethra imperforate urethral urethral angle urethral artery urethral atresia urethral bulking agent urethral caruncle urethral crest urethral diverticula urethral diverticulum urethral duplication urethral folds urethral gland urethral groove urethral hematuria urethral injury urethral meatal stenosis Urethral meatus urethral obstruction urethral orifice urethral papilla urethral pressure profile urethral sinus urethral sphincter urethral stricture urethral swab urethral syndrome urethral valve urethralgia urethralism urethratresia urethrectomy urethremorrhagia urethremphraxis urethrism urethritis urethritis petrificans urethro- urethrobalanoplasty urethrobulbar urethrocele urethrocolostomy urethrocutaneous fistula urethrocystitis urethrocystograph urethrocystometry urethrocystoscopy			urethral hydropulsion urethral hypoplasia urethral hypoplasia urethral injury urethral lacuna urethral lacuna urethral lacuna urethral meatal stenosis Urethral meatus urethral muscle urethral muscle urethral obstruction urethral obstruction urethral orifice urethral orifice urethral papilla urethral papilla urethral papilla urethral perforation urethral perforation urethral perforation urethral perforation Urethral plate Urethral plate urethral plug urethral plug urethral pressure urethral pressure urethral pressure urethral pressure urethral pressure profile urethral pressure profilometry urethral pressure profilometry urethral process urethral process urethral process urethral process urethral prolapse urethral prolapse urethral prosthesis urethral prosthesis urethral prosthesis urethral rupture urethral rupture urethral s urethral s urethral s urethral sinus urethral sling urethral sling Urethral sound Urethral sound Urethral sound Urethral sound urethral sphincter urethral sphincter urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence Urethral stricture Urethral stricture urethral sulcus