gland (gland) an aggregation of cells specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs.
accessory gland a minor mass of glandular tissue near or at some distance from a gland of similar structure.
accessory adrenal glands adrenal glandular tissue, usually either cortical or medullary, found in the abdomen or pelvis.
adrenal gland suprarenal gland; a flattened body above either kidney, consisting of a cortex and a medulla, the former elaborating steroid hormones, and the latter epinephrine and norepinephrine.
aggregate glands , aggregated glands Peyer's patches.
apocrine gland one whose discharged secretion contains part of the secreting cells; particularly used to denote an apocrine sweat gland.
apocrine sweat gland a type of large, branched, specialized sweat gland, after puberty producing a viscous secretion that is acted on by bacteria to produce a characteristic acrid odor.
axillary glands lymph nodes situated in the axilla.
Bartholin's gland greater vestibular g.
biliary glands , glands of biliary mucosa tubuloalveolar glands in the mucosa of the bile ducts and the neck of the gallbladder.
Blandin's glands anterior lingual g's.
bronchial glands seromucous glands in the mucosa and submucosa of bronchial walls.
Bruch's glands lymph follicles in the conjunctiva of lower lid.
Brunner's glands duodenal g's.
bulbocavernous gland , bulbourethral gland one of two glands embedded in the substance of the sphincter of the urethra, posterior to the membranous part of the urethra. 
)
cardiac glands mucin-secreting glands of the cardiac part (cardia) of the stomach.
celiac glands lymph nodes anterior to the abdominal aorta.
ceruminous glands cerumen-secreting glands in the skin of the external auditory canal.
cervical glands of uterus compound clefts in the wall of the uterine cervix.
ciliary glands sweat glands that have become arrested in their development, located at the edges of the eyelids.
circumanal glands specialized sweat and sebaceous glands around the anus.
closed glands endocrine g's.
coccygeal gland glomus coccygeum.
compound gland one made up of a number of smaller units whose excretory ducts combine to form ducts of progressively higher order.
Cowper's gland bulbourethral g.
ductless gland one without a duct, of internal secretion; see endocrine g's.
duodenal glands glands in the submucosa of the duodenum, opening into the glands of the small intestine.
Ebner's glands serous glands at the back of the tongue near the taste buds.
eccrine gland , eccrine sweat gland one of the ordinary, or simple, sweat glands, which is of the merocrine type.
endocrine glands organs whose secretions (hormones) are released directly into the circulatory system; they include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, the pineal body, and the gonads.
exocrine gland one whose secretion is discharged through a duct opening on an internal or external surface of the body.
fundic glands , fundus glands tubular glands in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach, containing acid- and pepsin-secreting cells.
Galeati's glands duodenal g's.
gastric glands the secreting glands of the stomach, including the fundic, cardiac, and pyloric glands.
Gay's glands circumanal g's.
glossopalatine glands mucous glands at the posterior end of the smaller sublingual glands.
haversian glands synovial villi.
holocrine gland one whose discharged secretion contains the entire secreting cells.
intestinal glands straight tubular glands in the mucous membrane of the intestine, opening, in the small intestine, between the bases of the villi, and containing argentaffin cells.
jugular gland accessory lacrimal glands deep in the conjunctival connective tissue, mainly near the upper fornix.
lacrimal gland either of a pair of glands that secrete tears.
glands of Lieberkühn intestinal g's.
lingual glands the seromucous glands on the surface of the tongue.
lingual glands, anterior the deeply placed seromucous glands near the apex of the tongue.
Littre's glands
1. preputial g's.
2. urethral g's (male).
lymph gland see under node.
mammary gland the specialized gland of the skin of female mammals, which secretes milk for nourishment of the young. 
)
Glandula mammaria (mammary gland).
meibomian glands sebaceous follicles between the cartilage and conjunctiva of eyelids.
merocrine gland one in which the secretory cells maintain their integrity throughout the secretory cycle.
mixed glands
1. seromucous g's.
2. glands that have both exocrine and endocrine portions.
monoptychial gland one in which the tubules or alveoli are lined with a single layer of secreting cells.
Morgagni's glands urethral g's (male).
mucous gland a gland that secretes mucus.
nabothian glands see under follicle.
Nuhn's glands anterior lingual g's.
olfactory glands small mucous glands in the olfactory mucosa.
parathyroid glands small bodies in the region of the thyroid gland, developed from the endoderm of the branchial clefts, occurring in a variable number of pairs, commonly two; they secrete parathyroid hormone and are concerned chiefly with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus.
paraurethral glands see paraurethral ducts of female urethra and paraurethral ducts of male urethra, under duct.
parotid gland the largest of the three paired salivary glands, located in front of the ear.
Peyer's glands see under patch.
pharyngeal glands mucous glands beneath the tunica mucosa of the pharynx.
pineal gland see under body.
pituitary gland hypophysis; the epithelial body of dual origin at the base of the brain in the sella turcica, attached by a stalk to the hypothalamus. It consists of two main lobes, the anterior lobe or adenohypophysis, secreting most of the hormones, and the posterior lobe or neurohypophysis, which stores and releases neurohormones received from the hypothalamus.
preputial glands small sebaceous glands of the corona of the penis and the inner surface of the prepuce, which secrete smegma.
proper gastric glands fundic g's.
prostate gland prostate.
pyloric glands the mucin-secreting glands of the pyloric part of the stomach.
racemose glands glands composed of acini arranged like grapes on a stem.
saccular gland one consisting of a sac or sacs, lined with glandular epithelium.
salivary glands glands of the oral cavity whose combined secretion constitutes the saliva, including the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands and numerous small glands in the tongue, lips, cheeks, and palate. 
)
Salivary glands.
sebaceous gland one of the holocrine glands in the dermis that secrete sebum.
seromucous gland one containing both serous and mucous secreting cells.
serous gland a gland that secretes a watery albuminous material, commonly but not always containing enzymes.
sex gland gonad.
simple gland one with a nonbranching duct.
Skene's glands paraurethral ducts of female urethra.
solitary glands see under follicle.
submandibular gland , submaxillary gland a salivary gland on the inner side of each ramus of the lower jaw.
suprarenal gland adrenal g.
Suzanne's gland a mucous gland of the mouth, beneath the alveolingual groove.
sweat gland a gland that secretes sweat, found in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, opening by a duct on the body surface. The ordinary or eccrine sweat glands are distributed over most of the body surface, and promote cooling by evaporation of the secretion; the apocrine sweat glands empty into the upper portion of a hair follicle instead of directly onto the skin, and are found only in certain body areas, as around the anus and in the axilla.
target gland one specifically affected by a pituitary hormone.
tarsal glands , tarsoconjunctival glands meibomian g's.
thymus gland see thymus.
thyroid gland an endocrine gland consisting of two lobes, one on each side of the trachea, joined by a narrow isthmus, producing hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine), which require iodine for their elaboration and which are concerned in regulating metabolic rate; it also secretes calcitonin.
Tyson's glands preputial g's.
unicellular gland a single cell that functions as a gland, e.g., a goblet cell.
urethral glands mucous glands in the wall of the urethra.
uterine glands simple tubular glands found throughout the endometrium.
vesical glands mucous glands sometimes found in the wall of the urinary bladder, especially in the area of the trigone.
vestibular gland, greater Bartholin's gland: either of two small reddish yellow bodies in the vestibular bulbs, one on each side of the vaginal orifice.
vestibular glands, lesser small mucous glands opening upon the vestibular mucous membrane between the urethral and the vaginal orifice.
Virchow's gland sentinel node.
vulvovaginal gland Bartholin's g.
Waldeyer's glands glands in the attached edge of the eyelid.
Weber's glands the tubular mucous glands of the tongue.
glands of Zeis modified rudimentary sebaceous glands attached directly to the eyelash follicles.
| unicellular gland n. A single secretory cell. |
gland
an aggregation of cells specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs. Glands are divided into two main groups, endocrine and exocrine.
Specific glands will be found under their individual names.
accessory genital g's
glands other than the gonads, intimately associated with the reproductive organs, especially of the male, in which they include vesicular glands (seminal vesicles), ampullary glands, prostate, bulbourethral glands, coagulating glands. Called also accessory sex glands.
accessory sex gland
see accessory genital glands (above).
acinous gland
one made up of one or more oval or spherical sacs (acini).
alveolar gland
one whose secretory units consist of saclike dilatations with a distinct lumen.
alveolar-tubular gland
gland composed of a mixture of alveolar and tubular structures.
ampullary gland
fusiform enlargement of the deferent duct, as it passes across the bladder wall, due to proliferation of glandular tissue in the regionally folded mucosa.
anal g's
small glands in the anal columnar mucosal cells plus larger and more numerous circumanal glands in the surrounding skin.
apocrine gland
one whose discharged secretion contains part of the secreting cells.
avian stomach g's
mucosal and submucosal glands in the stomach of birds; the submucosal glands are thought to secrete both acidic and enzymic substances.
bronchial g's
glands which contain a mixture of serous and mucus-secreting cells found in the bronchial mucosa.
buccal g's
buccal salivary glands lying in the submucosal tissues of the cheek and sometimes the orbit and whose ducts secrete directly into the buccal cavity.
cardiac gland
one of the three (the other two are the pyloric and proper gastric or fundic) types of gland in the stomach wall and capable of secretion into the gastric juices; this gland secretes only mucus.
carpal g's
cutaneous, 'marking' glands found on the medial aspect of the carpus in the pig; although present in both sexes are thought to be used to mark mated females.
circumoral g's
large glands in the lips of cats; used to mark territory either directly by the familiar fawning head rub, or indirectly by rubbing the secretion of the gland onto the fur during grooming.
ceruminous g's
cerumin-secreting glands in the skin of the external auditory canal.
compound gland
one made up of a number of smaller units whose excretory ducts combine to form ducts of progressively higher order.
deep (lacrimal) gland, gland of the third eyelid
an additional lacrimal gland found in the skin of the cartilaginous support of the third eyelid.
ductless g's
endocrine glands.
eccrine gland
a gland that secretes its product without loss of cytoplasm, such as the sweat glands on dog footpads or human skin.
endocrine g's
or ductless glands, discharge their secretions (hormones) directly into the blood; they include the adrenal, pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid glands, the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, the gonads and the pineal body.
exocrine g's
discharge through ducts opening on an external or internal surface of the body; include the salivary, sebaceous and sweat glands, the liver, the gastric glands, the pancreas, the intestinal, mammary and lacrimal glands, and the prostate.
fundic g's, fundus g's
numerous, tubular glands in the mucosa of the stomach that contain the cells which produce acid and pepsin. According to the species, they are usually found in the body and occasionally in the fundus.
gustatory gland
branched, tubuloalveolar serous glands which open into large lingual papillae.
hematopoietic gland
glandlike body, e.g. the spleen, that takes a part in blood formation.
hemolymph gland
small node resembling lymph node but red or brown in color and containing blood sinuses instead of or alongside lymph spaces. Common in ruminants and some rodents and typically located along the large arteries.
Harderian gland
see harderian gland.
haversian gland
fold on synovial surface regarded as secretor of synovia.
holocrine gland
one whose discharged secretion contains the entire secreting cells as in sebaceous glands.
horn gland
a scent gland found caudomedial to the horn base in goats of both sexes; increase in size and activity in breeding season. Produce the pungent secretion so characteristic of goats, described best as the distilled essence of reek.
infraorbital g's
special sebaceous glands which line the infraorbital sinus (pouch) in sheep.
inguinal g's
the collection of special tubular and sebaceous glands which line the inguinal pouch (sinus) in sheep.
interdigital g's
special sebaceous and tubular glands in the interdigital sinus (pouch) in sheep.
intestinal g's
microscopic tubular glands which lie in the mucosa of the gut and secrete intestinal juice into the lumen of the small intestine.
labial g's
minor salivary glands; mucous in small ruminants, serous in others.
lateral nasal g's
a local glandular thickening of the mucosa lining the maxillary sinus of dogs and some other species; this tissue is largely responsible for the continually wet nose of the dog.
lingual gland
minor salivary glands, mixed serous and mucous in cattle and horses, mucous in sheep, cats, dogs.
lymph g's
lymph nodes; they are not glands in the true sense.
male sex gland
see testis, accessory genital glands (above).
mammary gland
mandibular salivary g's
major salivary glands; large and with long salivary ducts to deliver secretion into the mouth.
marrow-lymph gland
hemolymph gland having a marrow-like tissue.
meibomian gland
see tarsal gland.
mental gland
a focal specialization of glands in the skin of the pig, caudal to the mandibular symphysis. It is a round raised nevus-like structure composed of sebaceous and apocrine glands with coarse bristles.
merocrine gland
one whose discharged secretion contains no part of the secreting cells.
mixed g's
1. seromucous glands.
2. glands that have both exocrine and endocrine portions.
molar salivary gland
unique gland in felids; predominantly mucoid cells with a few serous.
Moll's g's, g's of Moll
see moll's glands.
multicellular g's
glands which occur as sheets of epithelial cells with secretory function, e.g. gastric and intestinal mucosae.
multilobular proventricular g's
in the glandular stomach of the bird these glands appear to secrete both pepsin and hydrochloric acid.
nasal g's
small glands scattered throughout the nasal mucosa.
nasolabial gland
see nasolabial gland.
olfactory g's
seromucous glands located beneath the olfactory epithelium; their secretion keeps the local mucosa moist.
palatine salivary gland
a minor salivary gland containing serous or mucoid or mixed secretory cells.
palpebral gland
see meibomian gland (above).
parotid salivary gland
a major salivary gland usually containing serous secretory cells; in carnivores there may also be a few mucus-secreting cells.
preen gland
see uropygial gland (below).
preputial g's
sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands within the prepuce; sometimes aggregated into discrete sacs (musk deer) or diverticula (pigs); their secretions combine with desquamated epithelial cells to produce smegma.
proctodaeal g's
mucous glands containing lymphoid tissue located in the proctodeum of male and female birds.
proper gastric gland
the main digestive glands of the stomach; found in different parts of the stomach in different species but usually in the body of the stomach; secrete pepsin and hydrochloric acid; open into microscopic pits and clefts.
scent gland
secrete pheromones which play such a large part in olfactory communication between animals. Located in a variety of places, e.g. in the elephant they are behind the eyes, in the musk deer they are in the belly wall.
seminal gland
see seminal vesicle.
sentinel gland
an enlarged lymph node, considered to be pathognomonic of some pathological condition elsewhere.
shell gland
the caudal portion of the uterus in the female bird in which the egg is held while the shell is secreted.
simple gland
one with a nonbranching duct.
sine ductibus gland
ductless gland.
solitary g's
solitary follicles.
sperm host gland
in the vagina of birds; store and nourish visiting spermatozoa which are released when oviposition occurs.
splenolymph g's
hemolymph glands having more of the splenic type of tissue.
sublingual salivary gland
a major salivary gland; predominantly mucous cells in ruminants, swine, rodents; mixed serous and mucoid cells in small carnivores and horses.
submental g's
a group of sebaceous glands in the intermandibular space in cats.
submucosal intestinal g's
simple, branched, tubuloacinar glands; mucous in ruminants and dogs, mixed serous and mucous in cats and serous in horses and dogs; in carnivores and small ruminants confined to the proximal or middle parts of the duodenum, extend to jejunum in large ruminants, horses, pigs.
submucosal stomach gland
large, numerous, branched, compound, tubular gland in birds; thought to secrete both acid and enzymatic products.
sudoriferous g's, sudoriparous g's
sweat glands.
supracaudal gland
scent producing cells found only in dogs and cats; in dogs confined to a small area at the base of the tail, in cats extend along the dorsal surface of most of the tail; called also tail gland.
suprarenal gland
see adrenal gland.
tail gland
see supracaudal gland (above).
target gland
one specifically affected by a hormone.
tarsal gland
see meibomian gland (above).
third eyelid gland
a secondary lacrimal gland; a second, deeper gland occurs in pigs and cattle.
tubular gland
any gland made up of or containing a tubule or tubules.
ultimobranchial gland
tissue from the fourth pharyngeal pouch which in mammals is absorbed into the thyroid gland. In fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds the tissue forms separate glands containing calcitonin.
unicellular gland
a single cell that functions as a gland, e.g. a goblet cell.
urethral g's
accessory sex glands in males; secrete serous and mucoid liquids into the urethra to nourish and activate spermatozoa.
uropygial gland
the oil or preen gland of birds is attached to the tail and consists of a bilobed simple tubular, holocrine gland.
vesicular gland
see seminal vesicle.
vestibular g's
major and minor mucus-producing glands in the vestibule of the vulva.
Wolfring g's
small tubuloalveolar glands in subconjunctival tissue above the upper border of the tarsal plate; open onto conjunctiva.
g's of Zeis, Zeis g's
prominent sebaceous sweat glands on the eyelid margins, associated with hair follicles of cilia. See also external hordeolum.
Zuckerkandl gland
two large bodies included with the paraganglia along the abdominal aorta.
zygomatic salivary gland
a unique salivary gland in small carnivores; contains mainly mucous cells with a few serous cells; a modified dorsal buccal gland.
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