summation gallop

gallop /gal·lop/ (gal´op) a disordered rhythm of the heart; see also under rhythm.

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atrial gallop  S

diastolic gallop  S

presystolic gallop  S

S3 gallop  an accentuated third heart sound in patients with cardiac disease characterized by pathological alterations in ventricular filling in early diastole.

S4 gallop  an accentuated, audible fourth heart sound usually associated with cardiac disease, often that with altered ventricular compliance.

summation gallop  one in which the third and fourth sounds are superimposed, appearing as one loud sound; usually associated with cardiac disease.

ventricular gallop  S

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summation gallop

n.

A gallop characterized by the superimposition of abnormal third and fourth heart sounds, usually indicative of myocardial disease.

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summation gallop,

a gallop rhythm in which the third and fourth heart sounds are superimposed, appearing as one loud sound. It may occur in some patients with tachycardia but is usually associated with cardiac disease. See also gallop.

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summation

accumulate, add up, aggregate a series of numbers or quantities or events.

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summation of effects

a theory explaining clinical pruritus as the additive effects of pruritus from several causes which may raise the individual above the threshold, but pruritus from any single cause would be unlikely to do so.

summation gallop

see gallop rhythm.

neurological summation

physiological summation in synapses is a characteristic of the mammalian nervous system. It may be spatial, with additional synaptic junctions participating, or temporal, when succeeding stimuli catch up with the as-yet undischarged neurotransmitter. Seen in the retina of the cat, as an example of a nocturnal animal, where many millions of photoreceptors are connected to only one million axons, resulting in maximal sensitivity to light.

weighted summation

the sum obtained by adding the numerical value for individual clinical signs, each weighted to express their importance, when making a diagnosis. The total, as a fraction or a percentage, provides an estimate of the probability of each diagnosis being the correct one.

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summation gallop

Triple gallop Cardiology An extra 'galloping' heart sound caused by tachycardia, best heard over the apex with the Pt in supine or left lateral position; it ↑ with inspiration, exercise, elevation of legs, ↑ venous return. Cf Fourth heart sound.