ganglion /gan·gli·on/ (gang´gle-on) pl. gan´glia, ganglions [Gr.]
ganglion [gang´gle-on] (pl. gan´glia, ganglions) (Gr.)
1. a knot, or knotlike mass; in anatomy, a group of nerve cell bodies, located outside the central nervous system; occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, e.g., basal ganglia.
2. a form of benign cystic tumor on an aponeurosis or a tendon.gan´glialganglion´ic
aberrant ganglion a small ganglion sometimes found on a dorsal cervical nerve root between the spinal ganglia and the spinal cord.
Acrel's ganglion a cystic tumor on an extensor tendon of the wrist.
Andersch's ganglion inferior g. (1).
autonomic ganglia aggregations of cell bodies of neurons of the autonomic nervous system, divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia.
basal ganglia see under nucleus.
Bidder's ganglia ganglia on the cardiac nerves, situated at the lower end of the atrial septum.
Bochdalek's ganglion superior dental plexus.
cardiac ganglia ganglia of the cardiac plexus near the arterial ligament.
carotid ganglion an occasional small enlargement in the internal carotid plexus.
celiac ganglia two irregularly shaped ganglia, one on each crus of the diaphragm within the celiac plexus.
cerebrospinal ganglia those associated with the cranial and spinal nerves.
cervical ganglion
1. any of the three ganglia (inferior, middle, and superior) of the sympathetic trunk in the neck region.
2. one near the cervix uteri.
cervicothoracic ganglion one formed by fusion of the inferior cervical and the first thoracic ganglia.
cervicouterine ganglion cervical g. (2).
ciliary ganglion a parasympathetic ganglion in the posterior part of the orbit.
Cloquet's ganglion a swelling of the nasopalatine nerve in the anterior palatine canal.
cochlear ganglion spiral g.
Corti's ganglion spiral g.
dorsal root ganglion spinal g.
Ehrenritter's ganglion superior g. (1).
false ganglion an enlargement on a nerve that does not have a true ganglionic structure.
gasserian ganglion trigeminal g.
geniculate ganglion the sensory ganglion of the facial nerve, on the geniculum of the facial nerve.
ganglion im´par the ganglion commonly found in front of the coccyx, where the sympathetic trunks of the two sides unite.
inferior ganglion
1. the lower of two ganglia on the glossopharyngeal nerve as it passes through the jugular foramen.
2. a ganglion of the vagus nerve, just below the jugular foramen.
jugular ganglion superior g.
Lee's ganglion cervical g. (2).
Ludwig's ganglion one near the right atrium of the heart, connected with the cardiac plexus.
lumbar ganglia the ganglia on the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk, usually four or five on either side.
Meckel's ganglion pterygopalatine g.
Meissner's ganglion one of the small groups of nerve cells in Meissner's plexus.
mesenteric ganglion, inferior a sympathetic ganglion near the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery.
mesenteric ganglion, superior one or more sympathetic ganglia at the sides of, or just below, the superior mesenteric artery.
otic ganglion a parasympathetic ganglion immediately below the foramen ovale; its postganglionic fibers supply the parotid gland.
parasympathetic ganglion one of the aggregations of cell bodies of cholinergic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system; they are located near to or within the wall of the organs being innervated.
phrenic ganglion a sympathetic ganglion often found within the phrenic plexus at its junction with the cardiac plexus.
pterygopalatine ganglion a parasympathetic ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa; its preganglionic fibers are derived from the facial nerve via the greater petrosal nerve and the nerve of the pterygopalatine canal and its postganglionic fibers supply the lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands.
Remak's ganglion
1. a sympathetic ganglion on the heart wall near the superior vena cava.
2. one of the sympathetic ganglia in the diaphragmatic opening for the inferior vena cava.
3. one of the ganglia in the gastric plexus.
Ribes' ganglion a small ganglion sometimes seen in the termination of the internal carotid plexus around the anterior communicating artery of the brain.
sacral ganglia those of the sacral part of the sympathetic trunk, usually three or four on either side.
Scarpa's ganglion vestibular g.
semilunar ganglion
2. (in the pl.) celiac ganglia.
sensory ganglion
1. spinal g.
2. (in the pl.) the ganglia on the roots of the cranial nerves, containing the cell bodies of sensory neurons.
3. both of these considered together.
simple ganglion a cystic tumor in a tendon sheath.
sphenomaxillary ganglion , sphenopalatine ganglion pterygopalatine g.
spinal ganglion one on the posterior root of each spinal nerve, composed of unipolar nerve cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the nerve. 
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Ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis (spinal ganglion), seen in a cross-section of the spinal cord.
spiral ganglion the ganglion on the cochlear nerve, located within the modiolus, sending fibers peripherally to the organ of Corti and centrally to the cochlear nuclei of the brain stem.
splanchnic ganglion one on the greater splanchnic nerve near the twelfth thoracic vertebra.
submandibular ganglion a parasympathetic ganglion located superior to the deep part of the submandibular gland, on the lateral surface of the hyoglossal muscle.
superior ganglion
1. the upper of two ganglia on the glossopharyngeal nerve as it passes through the jugular foramen.
2. a small ganglion on the vagus nerve just as it passes through the jugular foramen.
sympathetic ganglion any of the aggregations of cell bodies of adrenergic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system; they are arranged in chainlike fashion on either side of the spinal cord.
trigeminal ganglion one on the sensory root of the fifth cranial nerve in a cleft in the dura mater on the anterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone, giving off the ophthalmic and maxillary nerves and part of the mandibular nerve.
tympanic ganglion an enlargement on the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
vagal ganglion
1. inferior g. (2).
2. superior g. (2).
ventricular ganglion Bidder's ganglia.
vestibular ganglion the sensory ganglion of the vestibular part of the eighth cranial nerve, located in the upper part of the lateral end of the internal acoustic meatus.
Wrisberg's ganglia cardiac ganglia.
wrist ganglion cystic enlargement of a tendon sheath on the back of the wrist.
| submandibular ganglion n. A small parasympathetic ganglion suspended from the lingual nerve, with its postganglionic branches going to the submandibular and sublingual glands and its preganglionic fibers coming from the salivary nucleus. Also called submaxillary ganglion. |
ganglion [gang´gle-on] (pl. gan´glia, ganglions) (Gr.)
1. a knot or knotlike mass; in anatomic nomenclature, a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system. The term is occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, such as the basal ganglia.
2. a form of cystic tumor occurring on an aponeurosis or tendon, as in the wrist. adj., adj gan´glial, ganglion´ic.
Ganglion. From Frazier et al., 2000.
autonomic ganglia aggregations of cell bodies of neurons of the autonomic nervous system; the parasympathetic and the sympathetic ganglia combined.
basal ganglia basal nuclei.
cardiac ganglia ganglia of the superficial cardiac plexus under the arch of the aorta.
carotid ganglion an occasional small enlargement in the internal carotid plexus.
celiac ganglia two irregularly shaped ganglia, one on each crus of the diaphragm within the celiac plexus.
cerebrospinal ganglia those associated with the cranial and spinal nerves.
cervical ganglion
1. any of the three ganglia (inferior, middle, and superior) of the sympathetic trunk in the neck region.
2. one near the cervix uteri.
cervicothoracic ganglion a ganglion on the sympathetic trunk anterior to the lowest cervical or first thoracic vertebra. It is formed by a union of the seventh and eighth cervical and first thoracic ganglia. Called also stellate ganglion.
cervicouterine ganglion one near the cervix uteri.
ciliary ganglion a parasympathetic ganglion in the posterior part of the orbit.
cochlear ganglion the sensory ganglion located within the spiral canal of the modiolus. It consists of bipolar cells that send fibers peripherally to the organ of Corti and centrally to the cochlear nuclei of the brainstem. Called also spiral ganglion and Corti's ganglion.
Corti's ganglion cochlear ganglion.
craniospinal ganglia collections of sensory neurons that form nodular enlargements on the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves and on the sensory roots of cranial nerves.
dorsal root ganglion spinal ganglion.
false ganglion an enlargement of a nerve that does not have a true ganglionic structure.
Frankenhäuser's ganglion cervical ganglion (def. 2).
gasserian ganglion trigeminal ganglion.
geniculate ganglion the sensory ganglion of the facial nerve, on the geniculum of the facial nerve.
ganglion im´par a ganglion commonly found on the front of the coccyx, where the sympathetic trunks of the two sides unite.
inferior ganglion
1. the lower of two ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve as it passes through the jugular foramen.
2. the lower of two ganglia of the vagus nerve as it passes through the jugular foramen.
jugular ganglion superior ganglion (defs. 1 and 2).
Ludwig's ganglion a ganglion near the right atrium of the heart, connected with the cardiac plexus.
lumbar ganglia the ganglia on the sympathetic trunk, usually four or five on either side.
lymphatic ganglion lymph node.
otic ganglion a parasympathetic ganglion next to the medial surface of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, just inferior to the foramen ovale. Its postganglionic fibers supply the parotid gland.
parasympathetic ganglia aggregations of cell bodies of cholinergic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system; these ganglia are located near to or within the wall of the organs being innervated. See also Plates.
petrous ganglion inferior ganglion (def. 1).
pterygopalatine ganglion a parasympathetic ganglion in a fossa in the sphenoid bone, formed by postganglionic cell bodies that synapse with preganglionic fibers from the fascial nerve via the nerve of the pterygopalatine canal. Called also sphenopalatine ganglion.
sacral ganglia those of the sacral part of the sympathetic trunk, usually three or four on either side.
Scarpa's ganglion vestibular ganglion.
semilunar ganglion
2. [pl.] celiac ganglia.
sensory ganglion any of the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system that transmit sensory impulses; also, the collective masses of nerve cell bodies in the brain subserving sensory functions.
simple ganglion a cystic tumor in a tendon sheath.
sphenopalatine ganglion pterygopalatine ganglion.
spinal ganglion the cerebrospinal ganglion on the dorsal root of each spinal nerve; called also dorsal root ganglion.
spiral ganglion cochlear ganglion.
stellate ganglion cervicothoracic ganglion.
submandibular ganglion a parasympathetic ganglion located superior to the deep part of the submandibular gland, on the lateral surface of the hyoglossal muscle; its postganglionic fibers supply the sublingual and submandibular glands.
superior ganglion
1. the upper of two ganglia on the glossopharyngeal nerve as it passes through the jugular foramen.
2. the upper of two ganglia of the vagus nerve just as it passes through the jugular foramen. Called also jugular ganglion.
sympathetic ganglia aggregations of cell bodies of adrenergic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system; these ganglia are arranged in chainlike fashion on either side of the spinal cord. See also Plates.
thoracic ganglia the ganglia on the thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk, 11 or 12 on either side.
trigeminal ganglion a ganglion on the sensory root of the fifth cranial nerve, situated in a cleft within the dura mater on the anterior surface of the pars petrosa of the temporal bone, and giving off the ophthalmic and maxillary and part of the mandibular nerve. Called also gasserian or semilunar ganglion.
tympanic ganglion an enlargement on the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
vestibular ganglion the sensory ganglion of the vestibular part of the eighth cranial nerve, located in the upper part of the lateral end of the internal acoustic meatus. Called also Scarpa's ganglion.
Walther's ganglion glomus coccygeum.
Wrisberg's ganglia cardiac ganglia.
wrist ganglion cystic enlargement of a tendon sheath on the back of the wrist.
ganglion(ia) (gang´glēon),
n/n.pl an accumulation of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system.
ganglion, basal,
n a group of forebrain nuclei that, with the related structures of the brain, play an important role in the regulation of muscle tone and motor control. The cell groups of these ganglia and their respective nerve tracts are classified as the
extrapyramidal motor system to differentiate them from the
pyramidal motor system, which goes directly from the cerebral cortex to the lower motor neuron. Disease associated with the basal ganglia is manifested by three principal motor abnormalities: disturbance of muscle tone, derangement of movement, and loss of associated or automatic movement.
extrapyramidal motor system to differentiate them from the
pyramidal motor system, which goes directly from the cerebral cortex to the lower motor neuron. Disease associated with the basal ganglia is manifested by three principal motor abnormalities: disturbance of muscle tone, derangement of movement, and loss of associated or automatic movement.
ganglion, ciliary,
n a parasympathetic nerve ganglion in the posterior part of the orbit. The ciliary ganglion receives preganglionic fibers from the region of the oculomotor nucleus and sends postganglionic fibers via short ciliary nerves to (1) the constrictor muscle of the iris (constriction of pupil) and (2) circular fibers of the ciliary muscle (accommodation for vision).
ganglion, otic,
n a ganglion located medial to the mandibular nerve just below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa. It supplies the sensory and secretory fibers for the parotid gland. Its sensory fibers arise from the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.
ganglion, sphenopalatine
n a ganglia located deep in the pterygopalatine fossa that is intimately associated with the maxillary nerve. It lies distal and medial to the maxillary tuberosity. Its fibers supply the oral mucosa of the oropharynx, tonsils, soft and hard palates, and nasal cavity. The mucous and serous secretions of all the oral mucosa of the oropharynx are also mediated by this ganglion.
ganglion, submandibular,
n a ganglion located on the medial side of the mandible between the lingual nerve and the submandibular duct. The submandibular ganglion is distributed to the sublingual and submandibular glands. The sensory fibers arise from the lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve; i.e., the chorda tympani of the facial nerve.
ganglion, trigeminal
n a cluster of nervous tissue located on the root of the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve.
submandibular (sub´mandib´y
lr),adj inferior to the mandible.
submandibular caruncle,
n See caruncle, submandibular.
submandibular duct,
n See Wharton's duct.
submandibular fossa,
n See fossa, submandibular.
submandibular fossa in image interpretation,
n a radiolucent site within the region located in the body of the mandible that allows radiographs to gain a clear representation of the lingual depression of the salivary gland located within the submandibular area.
submandibular ganglion,
n See ganglion, submaxillary.
submandibular lymph nodes,
n the superficial cervical nodes located at the inferior border of the ramus of the mandible.
submandibular salivary gland,
submandibular space,
n See space, submandibular.
submandibular triangle,
n See triangle, submandibular.
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