static electricity film fault

static electricity film fault,

a defect in a radiograph or a developed photographic film that appears as lightninglike streaks. It is caused by overly rapid opening of the film packet or transfer of static electricity from the user to the film.

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film,

n a thin, flexible, transparent sheet of cellulose acetate or similar material coated with a light-sensitive emulsion.

film badge,

n a pack of radiation-sensitive film used for the detection and approximate measurement of radiation exposure for personnel-monitoring purposes; the badge may contain two or three films of differing sensitivity, and it may contain a filter that shields part of the film from certain types of radiation.

film base,

n See base, film.

film, bite-wing (interproximal film) (BWX),

n See examination, bite-wing, intraoral radiographic and radiograph, bite-wing.

film emulsion,

n See emulsion, silver.

film fault,

n a defective result in a radiograph; usually caused by a chemical, physical, or electrical error in its production.

film fault, black spots,

n.pl the spots caused by dust particles or developer on the films before development; also caused by outdated (expired) film.

film fault, blurred,

n a fault caused by film movement during exposure, bent film during exposure, double exposures, or flowing of emulsion during processing in excessively warm solution.

film fault, clear radiographic,

n the result of treating the film with fixer before developing or by excessive washing. The problem can be prevented by following appropriate procedures.

film fault, dark,

n a fault caused by overexposure of the film to radiation, film fog from extended development, accidental exposure to light (light leaks in film packet or dark room), or an unsafe darkroom light.

film fault, distorted,

n See distortion, film-fault.

film fault, dyschroic fog,

n a fogging of the radiograph, characterized by the appearance of a pink surface when the film is viewed by transmitted light and a green surface when the film is seen by reflected light. It usually is caused by an exhaustion of the acid content of the fixing solution (incomplete fixation).

film fault, fogged,

n a fault caused by stray radiation, use of expired film, or an unsafe darkroom light.

film fault, light,

n a fault caused by underexposure, underdevelopment (expired or diluted developing solution), development in temperatures that are too cold, or accidental use of a wrong film speed.

film fault, reticulation,

n a network of corrugations produced because of an excessive difference in temperature between any two of the three darkroom solutions.

film fault, roller marks on,

n.pl the dark lines on films caused by contaminated chemicals in automatic film processing units. Prevented by cleaning and replenishing the developer and fixer solutions regularly.

film fault, stained,

n a fault caused by contaminated solutions, improper rinsing, exhausted solutions, improper washing, contamination by improper handling of the emulsions during or after processing, or film hangers containing dried fixer on the clips.

Stain of the film fixer.

film fault, static electricity,

n an image in the emulsion that has the appearance of lightning. Caused by rapid opening of the film pocket or transfer of static electricity from the technician to the film.

film fault, white spots,

n a fault caused by air bubbles clinging to the emulsion during development or by fixing solution spotted on the emulsion before development.

film hanger,

n an instrument or device for holding radiographic film during processing procedures.

film holder, cardboard,

n See cassette, cardboard.

film image,

n the shadow of a structure as depicted on a radiographic or photographic emulsion.

film immersion method,

n a procedure for processing radiographic films involving submerging the films in a sodium hypochlorite solution for anywhere between 30 seconds and 5 minutes. The solution should be 5.25% sodium hypochlorite.

film, interproximal,

n See film, bite-wing.

film mounting,

n the placement of radiographs in an orderly sequence on a suitable carrier for illumination and study.

film packet,

n a small, lightproof, moisture-resistant, sealed paper or plastic envelope containing a radiographic film (or two radiographic films) and a lead-foil backing designed for use in making intraoral radiographs.

film placement,

n the positioning of the radiographic film to receive the image cast by the roentgen rays.

film processing,

n a chemical transformation of the latent image, produced in a film emulsion by exposure to radiation, into a stable image visible by transmitted light. The usual procedure is basically a selective reduction of affected silver halide salts to metallic silver grains (development), followed by the selective removal of unaffected silver halide (fixation), washing to remove the processing chemicals, and drying.

film, processing, acids in,

n the chemicals that arrest the process of film development and also neutralize leftover developer.

film processing, automatic,

n a fast and efficient method of processing in which the film is mechanically transferred from the developer to the fixer, is washed, and finally is dried.

film processing, rapid,

n the use of high-speed chemicals or elevated temperatures to reduce processing time.

film speed (film sensitivity),

n the amount of exposure to light or roentgen rays required to produce a given image density. It is expressed as the reciprocal of the exposure in roentgens necessary to produce a density of 1 above base and fog; films are classified on this basis in six speed groups, between each of which is a twofold increase in film speed.

film thickness,

n the thickness of a layer of material, particularly in reference to dental cements. In standardization tests, film thickness is the minimal thickness or layer obtained under a specific load.

film, radiographic,

n older term was
x-ray. See survey, radiographic.

Filoviridae

(fī´lōvir´idā),
n a major virus family, to which both the Marburg and Ebola viruses belong. Viruses in this family have a single-stranded RNA molecular structure with complex symmetry.