| sphenopalatine ganglion n. |
ganglion [gang´gle-on] (pl. gan´glia, ganglions) (Gr.)
1. a knot or knotlike mass; in anatomic nomenclature, a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system. The term is occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, such as the basal ganglia.
2. a form of cystic tumor occurring on an aponeurosis or tendon, as in the wrist. adj., adj gan´glial, ganglion´ic.
Ganglion. From Frazier et al., 2000.
autonomic ganglia aggregations of cell bodies of neurons of the autonomic nervous system; the parasympathetic and the sympathetic ganglia combined.
basal ganglia basal nuclei.
cardiac ganglia ganglia of the superficial cardiac plexus under the arch of the aorta.
carotid ganglion an occasional small enlargement in the internal carotid plexus.
celiac ganglia two irregularly shaped ganglia, one on each crus of the diaphragm within the celiac plexus.
cerebrospinal ganglia those associated with the cranial and spinal nerves.
cervical ganglion
1. any of the three ganglia (inferior, middle, and superior) of the sympathetic trunk in the neck region.
2. one near the cervix uteri.
cervicothoracic ganglion a ganglion on the sympathetic trunk anterior to the lowest cervical or first thoracic vertebra. It is formed by a union of the seventh and eighth cervical and first thoracic ganglia. Called also stellate ganglion.
cervicouterine ganglion one near the cervix uteri.
ciliary ganglion a parasympathetic ganglion in the posterior part of the orbit.
cochlear ganglion the sensory ganglion located within the spiral canal of the modiolus. It consists of bipolar cells that send fibers peripherally to the organ of Corti and centrally to the cochlear nuclei of the brainstem. Called also spiral ganglion and Corti's ganglion.
Corti's ganglion cochlear ganglion.
craniospinal ganglia collections of sensory neurons that form nodular enlargements on the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves and on the sensory roots of cranial nerves.
dorsal root ganglion spinal ganglion.
false ganglion an enlargement of a nerve that does not have a true ganglionic structure.
Frankenhäuser's ganglion cervical ganglion (def. 2).
gasserian ganglion trigeminal ganglion.
geniculate ganglion the sensory ganglion of the facial nerve, on the geniculum of the facial nerve.
ganglion im´par a ganglion commonly found on the front of the coccyx, where the sympathetic trunks of the two sides unite.
inferior ganglion
1. the lower of two ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve as it passes through the jugular foramen.
2. the lower of two ganglia of the vagus nerve as it passes through the jugular foramen.
jugular ganglion superior ganglion (defs. 1 and 2).
Ludwig's ganglion a ganglion near the right atrium of the heart, connected with the cardiac plexus.
lumbar ganglia the ganglia on the sympathetic trunk, usually four or five on either side.
lymphatic ganglion lymph node.
otic ganglion a parasympathetic ganglion next to the medial surface of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, just inferior to the foramen ovale. Its postganglionic fibers supply the parotid gland.
parasympathetic ganglia aggregations of cell bodies of cholinergic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system; these ganglia are located near to or within the wall of the organs being innervated. See also Plates.
petrous ganglion inferior ganglion (def. 1).
pterygopalatine ganglion a parasympathetic ganglion in a fossa in the sphenoid bone, formed by postganglionic cell bodies that synapse with preganglionic fibers from the fascial nerve via the nerve of the pterygopalatine canal. Called also sphenopalatine ganglion.
sacral ganglia those of the sacral part of the sympathetic trunk, usually three or four on either side.
Scarpa's ganglion vestibular ganglion.
semilunar ganglion
2. [pl.] celiac ganglia.
sensory ganglion any of the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system that transmit sensory impulses; also, the collective masses of nerve cell bodies in the brain subserving sensory functions.
simple ganglion a cystic tumor in a tendon sheath.
sphenopalatine ganglion pterygopalatine ganglion.
spinal ganglion the cerebrospinal ganglion on the dorsal root of each spinal nerve; called also dorsal root ganglion.
spiral ganglion cochlear ganglion.
stellate ganglion cervicothoracic ganglion.
submandibular ganglion a parasympathetic ganglion located superior to the deep part of the submandibular gland, on the lateral surface of the hyoglossal muscle; its postganglionic fibers supply the sublingual and submandibular glands.
superior ganglion
1. the upper of two ganglia on the glossopharyngeal nerve as it passes through the jugular foramen.
2. the upper of two ganglia of the vagus nerve just as it passes through the jugular foramen. Called also jugular ganglion.
sympathetic ganglia aggregations of cell bodies of adrenergic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system; these ganglia are arranged in chainlike fashion on either side of the spinal cord. See also Plates.
thoracic ganglia the ganglia on the thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk, 11 or 12 on either side.
trigeminal ganglion a ganglion on the sensory root of the fifth cranial nerve, situated in a cleft within the dura mater on the anterior surface of the pars petrosa of the temporal bone, and giving off the ophthalmic and maxillary and part of the mandibular nerve. Called also gasserian or semilunar ganglion.
tympanic ganglion an enlargement on the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
vestibular ganglion the sensory ganglion of the vestibular part of the eighth cranial nerve, located in the upper part of the lateral end of the internal acoustic meatus. Called also Scarpa's ganglion.
Walther's ganglion glomus coccygeum.
Wrisberg's ganglia cardiac ganglia.
wrist ganglion cystic enlargement of a tendon sheath on the back of the wrist.
ganglion(ia) (gang´glēon),
n/n.pl an accumulation of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system.
ganglion, basal,
n a group of forebrain nuclei that, with the related structures of the brain, play an important role in the regulation of muscle tone and motor control. The cell groups of these ganglia and their respective nerve tracts are classified as the
extrapyramidal motor system to differentiate them from the
pyramidal motor system, which goes directly from the cerebral cortex to the lower motor neuron. Disease associated with the basal ganglia is manifested by three principal motor abnormalities: disturbance of muscle tone, derangement of movement, and loss of associated or automatic movement.
extrapyramidal motor system to differentiate them from the
pyramidal motor system, which goes directly from the cerebral cortex to the lower motor neuron. Disease associated with the basal ganglia is manifested by three principal motor abnormalities: disturbance of muscle tone, derangement of movement, and loss of associated or automatic movement.
ganglion, ciliary,
n a parasympathetic nerve ganglion in the posterior part of the orbit. The ciliary ganglion receives preganglionic fibers from the region of the oculomotor nucleus and sends postganglionic fibers via short ciliary nerves to (1) the constrictor muscle of the iris (constriction of pupil) and (2) circular fibers of the ciliary muscle (accommodation for vision).
ganglion, otic,
n a ganglion located medial to the mandibular nerve just below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa. It supplies the sensory and secretory fibers for the parotid gland. Its sensory fibers arise from the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.
ganglion, sphenopalatine
n a ganglia located deep in the pterygopalatine fossa that is intimately associated with the maxillary nerve. It lies distal and medial to the maxillary tuberosity. Its fibers supply the oral mucosa of the oropharynx, tonsils, soft and hard palates, and nasal cavity. The mucous and serous secretions of all the oral mucosa of the oropharynx are also mediated by this ganglion.
ganglion, submandibular,
n a ganglion located on the medial side of the mandible between the lingual nerve and the submandibular duct. The submandibular ganglion is distributed to the sublingual and submandibular glands. The sensory fibers arise from the lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve; i.e., the chorda tympani of the facial nerve.
ganglion, trigeminal
n a cluster of nervous tissue located on the root of the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve.
ganglion
pl. ganglia, ganglions [Gr.] a knot or knotlike mass; a general term to designate a group of nerve cell bodies, located outside the central nervous system. Occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, e.g. basal ganglia.
aorticorenal ganglion
small sympathetic ganglia supplying nerve fibers to the kidneys.
Arnold's ganglion
see otic ganglion (below).
autonomic ganglion
aggregations of cell bodies of neurons of the autonomic nervous system; the parasympathetic and the sympathetic ganglia combined.
basal ganglion
subcortical masses of gray matter embedded in each cerebral hemisphere, comprising the corpus striatum (caudate and lentiform nuclei), amygdaloid body and claustrum. Other structures have also been considered to be part of the basal ganglia. Called also basal nuclei.
cardiac ganglion
ganglia of the superficial cardiac plexus found close to the aortic arch.
celiac ganglion
two large sympathetic ganglia, found on either side of the celiac artery, supplying nerve fibers to the viscera supplied by that artery; sensory and parasympathetic fibers also pass through the ganglia.
cephalic ganglion
parasympathetic ganglia in the head, consisting of the ciliary, otic, pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia.
cerebrospinal ganglion
those associated with the cranial and spinal nerves.
cervical ganglion
1. any of the three ganglia (cranial, middle and caudal) of the sympathetic trunk found near the base of the skull and inside the thoracic inlet.
2. one near the cervix uteri.
cervicothoracic ganglion
a ganglion on the sympathetic trunk formed by a union of the caudal cervical and one or more thoracic ganglia. Called also stellate ganglion.
ciliary ganglion
a parasympathetic ganglion in the posterior part of the orbit supplied by the oculomotor nerve.
Corti's ganglion
spiral ganglion.
dorsal root ganglion
spinal ganglion.
false ganglion
an enlargement on a nerve that does not have a true ganglionic structure.
gasserian ganglion
trigeminal ganglion.
geniculate ganglion
the sensory ganglion of the facial nerve, on the geniculum of the facial nerve.
ganglion impar
the single ganglion commonly found where the sympathetic trunks of the two sides unite.
jugular ganglion
1. the proximal ganglion of the vagus nerve.
2. the proximal (superior) ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
lumbar ganglion
the ganglia on the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk.
otic ganglion
a parasympathetic ganglion next to the medial surface of the mandibular nerve, just ventral to the foramen ovale. Its postganglionic fibers supply the parotid gland. Called also Arnold's ganglion.
parasympathetic ganglion
aggregations of cell bodies of cholinergic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system; these ganglia are located near to or within the wall of the organs being innervated.
petrous ganglion
the distal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
pterygopalatine ganglion
a parasympathetic ganglion in a fossa in the sphenoid bone, formed by postganglionic cell bodies that synapse with preganglionic fibers from the facial nerve via the nerve of the pterygopalatine canal. Called also sphenopalatine ganglion.
sacral ganglion
those of the sacral part of the sympathetic trunk.
semilunar ganglion
trigeminal ganglion.
sensory ganglion
any of the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system that transmit sensory impulses; also, the collective masses of nerve cell bodies in the brain subserving sensory functions.
simple ganglion
a cystic tumor in a tendon sheath.
sphenopalatine ganglion
pterygopalatine ganglion.
spinal ganglion
ganglia on the dorsal root of each spinal nerve.
spiral ganglion
the ganglion on the cochlear nerve, located within the modiolus, sending fibers peripherally to the organ of Corti and centrally to the cochlear nuclei of the brainstem. Called also Corti's ganglion.
stellate ganglion
cervicothoracic ganglion.
sympathetic ganglion
aggregations of cell bodies of adrenergic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system; these ganglia are arranged in chainlike fashion on either side of the spinal cord.
thoracic ganglion
the ganglia on the thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk.
trigeminal ganglion
a ganglion on the sensory root of the fifth cranial nerve. Called also gasserian ganglion and semilunar ganglion.
tympanic ganglion
an enlargement on the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
vestibular ganglion
the sensory ganglion of the vestibular part of the eighth cranial nerve, located in the dorsal part of the lateral end of the internal acoustic meatus.
Walther's ganglion
ganglion impar.
Wrisberg's ganglion
cardiac ganglia.
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