sphenopalatine ganglion

sphenopalatine ganglion

n.

See pterygopalatine ganglion.

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ganglion(ia) (gang´glēon),

n/n.pl an accumulation of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system.

ganglion, basal,

n a group of forebrain nuclei that, with the related structures of the brain, play an important role in the regulation of muscle tone and motor control. The cell groups of these ganglia and their respective nerve tracts are classified as the
extrapyramidal motor system to differentiate them from the
pyramidal motor system, which goes directly from the cerebral cortex to the lower motor neuron. Disease associated with the basal ganglia is manifested by three principal motor abnormalities: disturbance of muscle tone, derangement of movement, and loss of associated or automatic movement.

ganglion, ciliary,

n a parasympathetic nerve ganglion in the posterior part of the orbit. The ciliary ganglion receives preganglionic fibers from the region of the oculomotor nucleus and sends postganglionic fibers via short ciliary nerves to (1) the constrictor muscle of the iris (constriction of pupil) and (2) circular fibers of the ciliary muscle (accommodation for vision).

ganglion, otic,

n a ganglion located medial to the mandibular nerve just below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa. It supplies the sensory and secretory fibers for the parotid gland. Its sensory fibers arise from the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.

ganglion, sphenopalatine

n a ganglia located deep in the pterygopalatine fossa that is intimately associated with the maxillary nerve. It lies distal and medial to the maxillary tuberosity. Its fibers supply the oral mucosa of the oropharynx, tonsils, soft and hard palates, and nasal cavity. The mucous and serous secretions of all the oral mucosa of the oropharynx are also mediated by this ganglion.

ganglion, submandibular,

n a ganglion located on the medial side of the mandible between the lingual nerve and the submandibular duct. The submandibular ganglion is distributed to the sublingual and submandibular glands. The sensory fibers arise from the lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve; i.e., the chorda tympani of the facial nerve.

ganglion, trigeminal

n a cluster of nervous tissue located on the root of the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve.

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ganglion

pl. ganglia, ganglions [Gr.] a knot or knotlike mass; a general term to designate a group of nerve cell bodies, located outside the central nervous system. Occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, e.g. basal ganglia.

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aorticorenal ganglion

small sympathetic ganglia supplying nerve fibers to the kidneys.

Arnold's ganglion

see otic ganglion (below).

autonomic ganglion

aggregations of cell bodies of neurons of the autonomic nervous system; the parasympathetic and the sympathetic ganglia combined.

basal ganglion

subcortical masses of gray matter embedded in each cerebral hemisphere, comprising the corpus striatum (caudate and lentiform nuclei), amygdaloid body and claustrum. Other structures have also been considered to be part of the basal ganglia. Called also basal nuclei.

cardiac ganglion

ganglia of the superficial cardiac plexus found close to the aortic arch.

celiac ganglion

two large sympathetic ganglia, found on either side of the celiac artery, supplying nerve fibers to the viscera supplied by that artery; sensory and parasympathetic fibers also pass through the ganglia.

cephalic ganglion

parasympathetic ganglia in the head, consisting of the ciliary, otic, pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia.

cerebrospinal ganglion

those associated with the cranial and spinal nerves.

cervical ganglion

1. any of the three ganglia (cranial, middle and caudal) of the sympathetic trunk found near the base of the skull and inside the thoracic inlet.

2. one near the cervix uteri.

cervicothoracic ganglion

a ganglion on the sympathetic trunk formed by a union of the caudal cervical and one or more thoracic ganglia. Called also stellate ganglion.

ciliary ganglion

a parasympathetic ganglion in the posterior part of the orbit supplied by the oculomotor nerve.

Corti's ganglion

spiral ganglion.

dorsal root ganglion

spinal ganglion.

false ganglion

an enlargement on a nerve that does not have a true ganglionic structure.

gasserian ganglion

trigeminal ganglion.

geniculate ganglion

the sensory ganglion of the facial nerve, on the geniculum of the facial nerve.

ganglion impar

the single ganglion commonly found where the sympathetic trunks of the two sides unite.

jugular ganglion

1. the proximal ganglion of the vagus nerve.

2. the proximal (superior) ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

lumbar ganglion

the ganglia on the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk.

otic ganglion

a parasympathetic ganglion next to the medial surface of the mandibular nerve, just ventral to the foramen ovale. Its postganglionic fibers supply the parotid gland. Called also Arnold's ganglion.

parasympathetic ganglion

aggregations of cell bodies of cholinergic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system; these ganglia are located near to or within the wall of the organs being innervated.

petrous ganglion

the distal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

pterygopalatine ganglion

a parasympathetic ganglion in a fossa in the sphenoid bone, formed by postganglionic cell bodies that synapse with preganglionic fibers from the facial nerve via the nerve of the pterygopalatine canal. Called also sphenopalatine ganglion.

sacral ganglion

those of the sacral part of the sympathetic trunk.

semilunar ganglion

trigeminal ganglion.

sensory ganglion

any of the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system that transmit sensory impulses; also, the collective masses of nerve cell bodies in the brain subserving sensory functions.

simple ganglion

a cystic tumor in a tendon sheath.

sphenopalatine ganglion

pterygopalatine ganglion.

spinal ganglion

ganglia on the dorsal root of each spinal nerve.

spiral ganglion

the ganglion on the cochlear nerve, located within the modiolus, sending fibers peripherally to the organ of Corti and centrally to the cochlear nuclei of the brainstem. Called also Corti's ganglion.

stellate ganglion

cervicothoracic ganglion.

sympathetic ganglion

aggregations of cell bodies of adrenergic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system; these ganglia are arranged in chainlike fashion on either side of the spinal cord.

thoracic ganglion

the ganglia on the thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk.

trigeminal ganglion

a ganglion on the sensory root of the fifth cranial nerve. Called also gasserian ganglion and semilunar ganglion.

tympanic ganglion

an enlargement on the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

vestibular ganglion

the sensory ganglion of the vestibular part of the eighth cranial nerve, located in the dorsal part of the lateral end of the internal acoustic meatus.

Walther's ganglion

ganglion impar.

Wrisberg's ganglion

cardiac ganglia.