small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

RNA ribonucleic acid.

complementary RNA (cRNA) viral RNA that is transcribed from negative-sense RNA and serves as a template for protein synthesis.

heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) a diverse group of long primary transcripts formed in the eukaryotic nucleus, many of which will be processed to mRNA molecules by splicing.

messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA molecules, usually 400 to 10,000 bases long, that serve as templates for protein synthesis (translation).

negative-sense RNA viral RNA with a base sequence complementary to that of mRNA; during replication it serves as a template for the transcription of viral complementary RNA.

positive-sense RNA viral RNA with the same base sequence as mRNA; during replication it functions as mRNA, serving as a template for protein synthesis.

ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that which together with proteins forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs.

small nuclear RNA (snRNA) a class of eukaryotic small RNA molecules found in the nucleus, usually as ribonucleoproteins, and apparently involved in processing heterogeneous nuclear RNA.

transfer RNA (tRNA) 20 or more varieties of small RNA molecules functioning in translation; each variety carries a specific amino acid to a site specified by an RNA codon, binding to amino acid, ribosome, and to the codon via an anticodon region.

Schematic diagram of features common to transfer RNA molecules, depicting the anticodon and amino acid attachment regions. Dotted lines between chains represent hydrogen-bonded base pairs. The characteristic cloverleaf is formed by the hairpin and loop structures that result from intrachain hydrogen bonding.

RNA (är

)

Ribonucleic acid; a polymeric constituent of all living cells and many viruses, consisting of a long, usually single-stranded chain of alternating phosphate and ribose units with the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil bonded to the ribose. The structure and base sequence of RNA are determinants of protein synthesis and the transmission of genetic information.

RNA

single-strand molecule containing nucleotide bases of adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U)

RNA,

abbreviation for ribonucleic acid.

RNA

ribonucleic acid.

messenger RNA (mRNA) see ribonucleic acid.

ribosomal RNA (rRNA) see ribonucleic acid.

transfer RNA (tRNA) see ribonucleic acid.

RNA

ribonucleic acid.

RNA interference (RNAi)

the functional inactivation of specific genes by experimental introduction of a corresponding double stranded RNA, which induces degradation of the complementary single-stranded mRNA encoded by the gene but not that of mRNAs with different sequences. See microRNA and gene silencing.

microRNA (miRNA)

small RNAs containing 21 to 33 nucleotides that associated with multiple proteins in a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that repress transcription of specific target mRNA by hybridizing to its 3' untranslated region.

RNA primer

a sequence of about 10 nucleotides long copied from DNA by RNA primase and required for the priming of the synthesis of each Okazaki fragment during DNA replication.

secondary structure RNA

folding of single-stranded RNA molecules which arises from intramolecular base pairing.

small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA)

small (7S; 129 nucleotides) RNA molecules found in the cytosol and rough endoplasmic reticulum associated with proteins that are involved in specific selection and transport of other proteins.

small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

a general term for many diferent kinds of small RNA molecules found in the nucleus of a cell that include as examples species involved in splicing of introns from mRNA and in RNA interference.

RNA viruses

viruses distinguished by having a ribonucleic acid genome, usually as a single strand which may be positive or negative sense, a single molecule or a segmented; in at least two families the genome is a double-strand segmented form.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid Molecular biology A polymer of ribonucleic acids that functions in coding, storage, transfer and translation of genetic information. See Antisense RNA, Catalytic RNA, Chromosomal RNA, Heterogenous nuclear RNA, Pre-mRNA, Ribosomal RNA, Transfer RNA.

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