fracture /frac·ture/ (frak´cher)
Fracture
fracture
fracture [frak´chur]
1. the breaking of a part, especially a bone.
2. a break or rupture in a bone.
avulsion fracture separation of a small fragment of bone cortex at the site of attachment of a ligament or tendon.
axial compression fracture fracture of a vertebra by excessive vertical force so that pieces of it move out in horizontal directions.
Barton's fracture fracture of the distal end of the radius into the wrist joint.
Bennett's fracture fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone running into the carpometacarpal joint, complicated by subluxation.
blow-out fracture fracture of the orbital floor caused by a sudden increase of intraorbital pressure due to traumatic force; the orbital contents herniate into the maxillary sinus so that the inferior rectus or inferior oblique muscle may become incarcerated in the fracture site, producing diplopia on looking up.
burst fracture axial compression f.
capillary fracture one that appears on a radiogram as a fine, hairlike line, the segments of bone not being separated; sometimes seen in fractures of the skull.
closed fracture one that does not produce an open wound in the skin; cf. open f.
Colles' fracture fracture of the lower end of the radius, the lower fragment being displaced backward; if the lower fragment is displaced forward, it is a reverse Colles' fracture.
comminuted fracture one in which the bone is splintered or crushed.
complete fracture one involving the entire cross section of the bone.
compound fracture open f.
depressed fracture , depressed skull fracture fracture of the skull in which a fragment is depressed.
de Quervain's fracture fracture of the navicular bone together with a volar luxation of the lunate bone.
direct fracture one at the site of injury.
dislocation fracture fracture of a bone near an articulation with concomitant dislocation of that joint.
Dupuytren's fracture Pott's f.
Duverney's fracture fracture of the ilium just below the anterior inferior spine.
fissure fracture a crack extending from a surface into, but not through, a long bone.
freeze fracture see freeze-fracturing.
greenstick fracture one in which one side of a bone is broken, the other being bent.
hangman's fracture fracture through the pedicles of the axis (C2) with or without subluxation of the second cervical vertebra or the third.
impacted fracture one in which one fragment is firmly driven into the other.
incomplete fracture one which does not entirely destroy the continuity of the bone.
insufficiency fracture a stress fracture that occurs during normal stress on a bone of abnormally decreased density.
intrauterine fracture fracture of a fetal bone incurred in utero.
Jefferson's fracture fracture of the atlas (first cervical vertebra).
lead pipe fracture one in which the bone cortex is slightly compressed and bulged on one side with a slight crack on the other side of the bone.
Le Fort fracture bilateral horizontal fracture of the maxilla. Le Fort fractures are classified as follows: Le Fort I f., a horizontal segmented fracture of the alveolar process of the maxilla, in which the teeth are usually contained in the detached portion of the bone. Le Fort II f., unilateral or bilateral fracture of the maxilla, in which the body of the maxilla is separated from the facial skeleton and the separated portion is pyramidal in shape; the fracture may extend through the body of the maxilla down the midline of the hard palate, through the floor of the orbit, and into the nasal cavity. Le Fort III f., a fracture in which the entire maxilla and one or more facial bones are completely separated from the craniofacial skelton; such fractures are almost always accompanied by multiple fractures of the facial bones.
Monteggia's fracture one in the proximal half of the shaft of the ulna, with dislocation of the head of the radius.
open fracture one in which a wound through the adjacent or overlying soft tissues communicates with the site of the break.
parry fracture Monteggia's f.
pathologic fracture one due to weakening of the bone structure by pathologic processes, such as neoplasia, osteomalacia, or osteomyelitis.
ping-pong fracture a type of depressed skull fracture usually seen in young children, resembling the indentation that can be produced with the finger in a ping-pong ball; when elevated it resumes and retains its normal position.
Pott's fracture fracture of the lower part of the fibula, with serious injury of the lower tibial articulation, usually a chipping off of a portion of the medial malleolus, or rupture of the medial ligament.
pyramidal fracture (of maxilla) Le Fort II f.
sagittal slice fracture fracture of a vertebra breaking it in an oblong direction; the spinal column above is displaced horizontally, usually causing paraplegia.
silver fork fracture Colles' f.
simple fracture closed f.
Smith's fracture reverse Colles' f.
spiral fracture one in which the bone has been twisted apart.
spontaneous fracture pathologic f.
sprain fracture the separation of a tendon from its insertion, taking with it a piece of bone.
Stieda's fracture fracture of the internal condyle of the femur.
stress fracture that caused by unusual or repeated stress on a bone.
transverse facial fracture Le Fort III f.
transverse maxillary fracture a term sometimes used for horizontal maxillary fracture (Le Fort I f.).
trophic fracture one due to nutritional (trophic) disturbance.
wedge-compression fracture compression fracture of only the anterior part of a vertebra, leaving it wedge-shaped.
frac·ture (fr k ch r)n. Abbr. fx 1. The act or process of breaking. 2. A break, rupture, or crack, especially in bone or cartilage. v. To cause to break. |   types of fractures: Top: comminuted, greenstick, incomplete, and oblique Bottom: spiral, transverse, impacted, and compression |
Fracture
A break or crack in a bone.
fracture
[frak′chər]
Etymology: L, frangere, to break
a traumatic injury to a bone in which the continuity of the bone tissue is broken. A fracture is classified by the bone involved, the part of that bone, and the nature of the break, such as a comminuted fracture of the head of the tibia. See also specific types of fractures.
fracture [frak´chur]
1. the breaking of a part, especially a bone.
2. a break in continuity of bone; it may be caused by trauma, twisting due to muscle spasm or indirect loss of leverage, or by disease that results in osteopenia. See illustration.
Types of fractures.
Treatment. Immediate first aid consists of splinting the bone with no attempt to reduce the fracture; it should be splinted “as it lies,” which means supporting it in such a way that the injured part will remain steady and will resist jarring if the victim is moved. Later it will be treated by reduction, which means that the broken ends are pulled into alignment and the continuity of the bone is established so that healing can take place. Fracture healing is truly a process of regeneration. Fractures heal with normal bone, not with scar tissue. Closed reduction is performed by manual manipulation of the fractured bone so that the fragments are brought into proper alignment; no surgical incision is made. Open fractures are highly contaminated and must be débrided and copiously irrigated in the operating room. A fracture may also require internal fixation with pins, nails, metal plates, or screws to stabilize the alignment. Once closed reduction is accomplished, the bone is immobilized by application of a cast or by an apparatus exerting traction on the distal end of the bone.
avulsion fracture separation of a small fragment of bone cortex at the site of attachment of a ligament or tendon.
Barton's fracture fracture of the distal end of the radius into the wrist joint.
Bennett's fracture fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone, running into the carpometacarpal joint, complicated by subluxation.
blow-out fracture fracture of the orbital floor caused by a sudden increase of intraorbital pressure due to traumatic force; the orbital contents herniate into the maxillary sinus so that the inferior rectus or inferior oblique muscle may become incarcerated in the fracture site, producing diplopia on looking up.
closed fracture one that does not produce an open wound, as opposed to an open fracture. See illustration. Called also simple fracture.
Colles' fracture fracture of the lower end of the radius, the distal fragment being displaced backward.
comminuted fracture one in which the bone is splintered or crushed, with three or more fragments. See illustration.
complete fracture one involving the entire cross section of the bone.
compound fracture open fracture.
compression fracture one produced by compression.
depressed fracture (depressed skull fracture) fracture of the skull in which a fragment is depressed.
direct fracture one at the site of injury.
dislocation fracture fracture of a bone near an articulation with concomitant dislocation of that joint.
double fracture fracture of a bone in two places.
Dupuytren's fracture Pott's fracture.
Duverney's fracture fracture of the ilium just below the anterior inferior spine.
fissure fracture a crack extending from a surface into, but not through, a long bone.
greenstick fracture one in which one side of a bone is broken and the other is bent, most commonly seen in children. See illustration.
impacted fracture fracture in which one fragment is firmly driven into the other.
incomplete fracture one that does not involve the complete cross section of the bone.
indirect fracture one distant from the site of injury.
interperiosteal fracture greenstick fracture.
intrauterine fracture fracture of a fetal bone incurred in utero.
Jefferson's fracture fracture of the atlas (first cervical vertebra).
lead pipe fracture one in which the bone cortex is slightly compressed and bulged on one side with a slight crack on the other side of the bone.
Le Fort fracture bilateral horizontal fracture of the maxilla. Le Fort fractures are classified as follows: Le Fort I fracture, a horizontal segmented fracture of the alveolar process of the maxilla, in which the teeth are usually contained in the detached portion of the bone. Le Fort II fracture, unilateral or bilateral fracture of the maxilla, in which the body of the maxilla is separated from the facial skeleton and the separated portion is pyramidal in shape; the fracture may extend through the body of the maxilla down the midline of the hard palate, through the floor of the orbit, and into the nasal cavity. Le Fort III fracture, a fracture in which the entire maxilla and one or more facial bones are completely separated from the craniofacial skeleton; such fractures are almost always accompanied by multiple fractures of the facial bones.
longitudinal fracture one extending along the length of the bone. See illustration.
Monteggia's fracture one in the proximal half of the shaft of the ulna, with dislocation of the head of the radius.
oblique fracture one in which the break extends in an oblique direction. See illustration.
open fracture one in which a wound through the adjacent or overlying soft tissue communicates with the outside of the body; this must be considered a surgical emergency. The compounding may come from within (by a bone protruding through the skin) or from without (e.g., by a bullet wound communicating with the bone). See illustration. Called also compound fracture.
pathologic fracture one due to weakening of the bone structure by pathologic processes such as neoplasia or osteomalacia; see illustration. Called also spontaneous fracture.
pertrochanteric fracture fracture of the femur passing through the greater trochanter.
ping-pong fracture an indented fracture of the skull, resembling the indentation that can be produced with the finger in a ping-pong ball; when elevated it resumes and retains its normal position.
Pott's fracture fracture of lower part of the fibula with serious injury of the lower tibial articulation.
simple fracture closed fracture.
Smith's fracture reversed Colles' fracture.
spiral fracture one in which the bone has been twisted and the fracture line resembles a spiral. See illustration.
spontaneous fracture pathologic fracture.
sprain fracture the separation of a tendon from its insertion, taking with it a piece of bone.
stellate fracture one with a central point of injury, from which radiate numerous fissures.
Stieda's fracture a fracture of the internal condyle of the femur.
transcervical fracture one through the neck of the femur.
transverse fracture one at right angles to the axis of the bone. See illustration.
trophic fracture one due to a nutritional (trophic) disturbance.
fracture,
n break of bone tissue, usually caused by injury; fractures are classified according to the bone that has been damaged and type of damage produced.
fracture,
n a break or rupture of a part. In the oral region, fracture is most often seen in teeth and bones.
fracture, avulsion,
n the loss of a section of bone.
fracture, blow-out,
n a fracture involving the orbital floor, its contents, and the superior wall of the maxillary antrum, in which orbital contents are incarcerated in the fracture area, producing diplopia.
fracture, bulk,
n a fracture or failure in the amalgam of a restoration. An improperly finished restoration by the dental professional, poor cavity design, or improper loading of the restoration can lead to a bulk fracture.
fracture, cementum,
n the tearing of fragments of the cementum from the tooth root.
fracture, clasp,
n failure of a clasp arm because of stresses that have exceeded the elastic limit of the metal from which the arm was made.
fracture, closed reduction of,
n a reduction and fixation of fractured bones without making a surgical opening to the fracture site.
fracture, comminuted,
n a fracture in which the bone has several lines of fracture in the same region; a fracture in which the bone is crushed and splintered.
fracture, compound,
n a fracture in which the bony structures are exposed to an external environment.
fracture, craniofacial dysjunction (transverse facial fracture),
n a complex fracture in which the facial bones are separated from the cranial bones; a LeFort III fracture.
fracture, dislocation,
n a fracture of a bone near an articulation, with dislocation of the condyloid process.
fracture, fissured,
n a fracture that extends partially through a bone, with no displacement of the bony fragments.
fracture fixation,
n the fractured fragments of bone are stabilized in close proximation to promote healing.
fracture, greenstick,
n a fracture in which the bone appears to be bent; usually only one cortex of the bone is broken.
fracture, Guérin's
(gāraz´),
n.pr a LeFort I fracture of the facial bones in which there is a bilateral horizontal fracture of the maxillae.
n.pr a LeFort I fracture of the facial bones in which there is a bilateral horizontal fracture of the maxillae.
fracture, impacted,
n a fracture in which one fragment is driven into another portion of the same or an adjacent bone.
fracture, indirect,
n a fracture at a point distant from the primary area of injury caused by secondary forces.
fracture, intraarticular,
n a fracture of the articular surface of the condyloid process of a bone.
fracture, intracapsular,
n a fracture of the condyle of the mandible occurring within the confines of the capsule of the temporomandibular joint.
fracture, LeFort,
n.pr a transverse fracture involving the orbital, malar, and nasal bones.
)
LeFort classifications.
fracture, midfacial,
n fractures of the zygomatic, maxillary, nasal, and associated bones.
fracture, pyramidal,
n a fracture of the midfacial bones, with the principal fracture lines meeting at an apex in the area of the nasion; a LeFort II fracture.
fracture, root,
n a microscopic or macroscopic cleavage of the root in any direction.
fracture, simple,
n a linear fracture that is not in communication with the exterior.
fracture, stress,
n 1. a type of stress usually occuring from sudden, strong, violent, endogenous force, such as a simple fracture of the fibula in a runner.
2. the fracture of metallic parts as a result of fatigue of prolonged or frequent stress.
2. the fracture of metallic parts as a result of fatigue of prolonged or frequent stress.
)
Tooth fracture.
fracture, tooth,
n a traumatic injury to a tooth that manifests itself as a chip, crack, or break. Manifestations may also include dislocation or complete displacement of a tooth.
fracture toughness,
n the quality of the material used for brackets that indicates its ability to withstand applied force without cracking.
fracture, transverse facial,
n See fracture, craniofacial dysjunction.
fracture
1. the breaking of a part, especially a bone.
2. a break in the continuity of bone. Fractures may be caused by trauma, by twisting due to muscle spasm, or indirect loss of leverage or by disease that results in decalcification of the bone.
avulsion fracture
separation of a small fragment of bone cortex at the site of attachment of a ligament or tendon.
blow-out fracture
fracture of the orbital floor caused by a sudden increase of intraorbital pressure due to traumatic force; the orbital contents herniate into the maxillary sinus so that the inferior rectus or inferior oblique muscle may become incarcerated in the fracture site, producing diplopia on looking up.
capillary fracture
one that appears on a radiograph as a fine, hairlike line, the segments of bone not being separated; sometimes seen in fractures of the skull.
closed fracture
one that does not produce an open wound.
comminuted fracture
one in which the bone is splintered or crushed.
complete fracture
one involving the entire cross-section of the bone.
compound fracture
see open fracture (below).
compression fracture
one produced by compression.
contaminated fracture
see open fracture (below).
depressed fracture
fracture of the skull in which a fragment is depressed. See also depression fracture.
direct fracture
one at the site of injury.
dislocation fracture
fracture of a bone near an articulation with concomitant dislocation of that joint.
double fracture
fracture of a bone in two places.
fissure fracture
a crack extending from a surface into, but not through, a long bone.
greenstick fracture
one in which one side of a bone is broken, the other being bent.
impacted fracture
fracture in which one fragment is firmly driven into the other.
incomplete fracture
one that does not involve the complete cross-section of the bone.
indirect fracture
one at a point distant from the site of injury.
interperiosteal fracture
greenstick or incomplete fracture.
intrauterine fracture
fracture of a fetal bone incurred in utero.
lead pipe fracture
one in which the bone cortex is slightly compressed and bulged on one side with a slight crack on the other side of the bone.
malunion fracture
a large space between the displaced ends of the bone has been filled by new bone.
nonunion fracture
there is still a wide translucent space between the ends of the broken bone.
oblique fracture
a common type, usually seen in the shaft of a long bone, such as the femur, tibia or humerus.
)
Oblique fractures of the radius and ulna. By permission from Lamb CR, Diagnostic Imaging of the Dog and Cat, Mosby, 1993
open fracture
one in which a wound through the adjacent or overlying soft tissues communicates with the site of the break; called also compound fracture. A classification system has been used which is based on the mechanism of injury and the extent of tissue damage. In type I, a bone fragment was briefly forced through the skin leaving a communicating wound; type II fractures are caused by impact and there is damage to overlying tissues and exposure of the bone; in type III, there is extensive damage and loss of overlying tissues, including shearing and degloving wounds, with loss of vascular supply.
pathological fracture
one due to weakening of the bone structure by pathological processes, such as neoplasia, osteomalacia or osteomyelitis.
pertrochanteric fracture
fracture of the femur passing through the greater trochanter.
Salter fracture
saucer fracture
creates a saucer-shaped fragment; caused usually by direct trauma at midshaft in a long bone. Likely to create a sequestrum.
simple fracture
closed fracture.
slab fracture
one in which a flat piece of underlying bone or tooth is separated or lost. Common in carpal bones of horses and in teeth.
spiral fracture
one in which the bone has been twisted apart.
spontaneous fracture
pathological fracture.
sprain fracture
the separation of a tendon from its insertion, taking with it a piece of bone. See also avulsion fracture (above).
stellate fracture
one with a central point of injury, from which radiate numerous fissures.
stress fracture
fracture produced by the stress created by the pull of muscles without the intervention of trauma or extreme weight-bearing.
trabecular fracture
there is no discontinuity of the bone as a whole but microscopic examination shows fractured trabeculae.
transverse fracture
one at right angles to the axis of the bone.
trophic fracture
one due to a nutritional (trophic) disturbance.
fracture
A breaking of bone or other hard tissue. See Avulsion fracture, Axial-load teardrop fracture, Basal skull fracture, Bennett fracture, Blow-out fracture, Boxer's fracture, Bucket handle fracture, Bumper fracture, Cavalry
fracture, Chauffeur's fracture, Chip fracture, Chisel fracture, Clay shoveler's fracture, Closed fracture, Colles' fracture, Comminuted fracture, Complete fracture, Compound fracture, Compression fracture, Dashboard fracture, DeQuervain's fracture, Direct fracture, Dislocation fracture, Don Juan fracture, Double fracture, Dupuytren fracture, Essex-Lopresti fracture, Fatigue fracture, Greenstick fracture, Hangman's fracture, Hip fracture, Hairline fracture, Impacted fracture, Incomplete fracture, Insufficiency fracture, Jefferson fracture, Jones fracture, LeFort fracture, Linear fracture, Linear skull fracture, Maisonneuve ankle fracture, March fracture, Microfracture fracture, Monteggia fracture, Nightstick fracture, Nonunion fracture, Oblique fracture, Odontoid fracture, Open fracture, Open book fracture, Pathologic fracture, Piedmont fracture, Ping pong fracture, Ring fracture, Rolando fracture, Skull fracture, Stellate fracture, Stress
fracture, Teardrop fracture, Telescoping fracture, Torus fracture, Tripod fracture, Wagon wheel fracture, Wagstaffe fracture, Wedge fracture.
Patient discussion about fracture.
Q. what exactly is a tooth fracture?A broken tooth? there is a tremendous amount of pain with this tooth.
A. Tooth fractures can range from minor (involving chipping of the outer tooth layers called enamel and dentin) to severe (involving vertical, diagonal or horizontal fractures of the root). Enamel and dentin are the two outer protective layers of the tooth. The enamel is the outermost white hard surface. The dentin is a yellow layer lying just beneath the enamel. Enamel and dentin both serve to protect the inner living tooth tissue called the pulp. The visible 1/3 of the tooth is called the crown, while the remaining 2/3 of the tooth buried in the bone is called the root. Dental x-rays are necessary in most instances to diagnose, locate, and measure the extent of tooth fracture.
http://www.medicinenet.com/dental_injuries/page2.htm Hope this helps.
http://www.medicinenet.com/dental_injuries/page2.htm Hope this helps.
Q. I had sugery on a fractured heel what is the recovery process? Wanting to meet people who are going thru this now or have already recovered from this injury. What should I expect?
A. i broke my heel in a football game- they inserted a metal plate and screw it. You won't be able to put any weight on your foot for approximately 10 weeks after surgery. When you begin walking, you may need to use a cane and wear a special boot. It may take up to a year for the injury to heal completely. now i can walk and run but not to play football... be ready for this- your leg could not be the same again. but that really depends on your type of injury.
good luck!!
good luck!!
Q. Has anyone fractured their pelvic bone?...and if so how long did it take until you could walk on side injured
A. my cousin fractured his pelvic bone in two places while skiing last winter (my brother pictured the helicopter coming for the rescue, a very good picture..). it took him a month until he could start walking with a cane, and about 2 months later he could walk properly.
if you want i'll send you the picture, you can say it's you :)
Read more or ask a question about fractureif you want i'll send you the picture, you can say it's you :)
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