shock lung

shock lung

n.

The development of edema, impaired perfusion, and reduction in alveolar space so that the alveoli collapse, occurring during shock. Also called pump lung.

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shock lung.

See adult respiratory distress syndrome.

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lung

either of the two main organs of respiration, lying on either side of the heart, within the chest cavity. The lungs supply the blood with oxygen inhaled from the outside air, and they dispose of waste carbon dioxide in the exhaled air, as a part of the process of respiration. They are usually divided into lobes, the left lung has up to three (cranial, middle and caudal), while the right lung has up to four (cranial, middle, caudal and accessory). Horse lungs are least subdivided; cat and dog lungs are deeply fissured into lobes.

The lungs are made of elastic tissue filled with interlacing networks of tubes and sacs carrying air, and with blood vessels carrying blood. The bronchi, which bring air to the lungs, branch out within the lungs into many smaller tubes, the bronchioles, which culminate in clusters of tiny air sacs called alveoli, whose total runs into millions. The alveoli are surrounded by a network of capillaries. Through the thin membranes of the capillaries, the air and blood make their exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. See also pulmonary, respiratory.

Lung lobes. By permission from Aspinall V, O'Reilly M, Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Butterworth Heinemann, 2004

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accessory lung

develop from an embryonic lung bud in an abnormal site, e.g. neck, abdomen.

lung birth changes

include dilation of the alveoli and the bronchial tree, marked pulmonary vasodilation, decreased resistance to blood flow through the lungs, constriction of the ductus arteriosus, removal of fluid from the fetal bronchial tree.

lung breath sounds

see breath sounds.

lung bud

blunt end of the respiratory diverticulum which grows ventrally out of the proximal end of the foregut, then extends caudally and divides into two, forming the origins of the bronchial tree.

lung consolidation

see consolidation, hepatization.

lung-digit syndrome

an uncommon condition in cats in which a primary lung tumor metastasizes to, usually multiple, digits as well as other sites.

ectopic lung

edematous, lobulated masses of lung tissue in the abdominal or thoracic cavities or in subcutaneous sites.

lung factor

closely related ipomeanols produced in rotting sweet potatoes by the catabolic activities of the fungus Perilla frutescens and other fungi of phytoalexins in the tubers. The factor is not toxic until it is activated by pulmonary microsomal enzymes.

lung fluke

see paragonimus.

lung hilus

that part of the lung that is not covered by pleura and through which blood vessels, bronchi, nerves and lymphatics enter and leave the lung.

lung lobe torsion

occurs uncommonly in dogs and cats, most often of the right middle lobe. May occur spontaneously, following trauma, or in association with pleural effusion. Impaired venous return causes engorgement and rapid necrosis. Clinical signs include coughing and hemoptysis.

lung meridian points

acupuncture points on the lung meridian.

lung mites

see pneumonyssus, halarachne, orthohalarachne.

lung perforation

may cause lung hemorrhage, emphysema, hemothorax or pneumothorax, or any combination of these conditions.

lung puller

appliance for pulling the pluck, the heart and lungs on the trachea, out of the thorax at the abattoir.

lung puncture

see lung perforation (above).

lung Qi deficiency

in acupuncture terminology is a deficiency of Qi or energy in the lungs manifested by recurrent illness, weak cough, rapid shallow respiration, dry cracked muzzle.

lung reflexes

hering-breuer reflexes.

lung resonance

resonant sound achieved on percussion of the chest wall over normal lung.

shock lung

see shock lung.

lung sounds absent

breath sounds audible on auscultation over normal lung are absent over consolidated, neoplastic and collapsed lung.

stiff lung

one with decreased compliance.

total lung capacity

the sum of the potential air spaces in the bronchioles and the alveoli.

lung volume

see total lung capacity (above), volume.

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shock

a condition of acute peripheral circulatory failure due to derangement of circulatory control or loss of circulating fluid. It is marked by hypotension, coldness of the skin and tachycardia.

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allergic shock

see anaphylactic shock.

shock bodies

hyaline globules composed of fibrin degradation products which act as microthrombi and cause hemorrhage and necrosis.

burn shock

the loss and redistribution of fluid, electrolytes and plasma protein, increased blood viscosity and increased peripheral resistance that follow a severe burn contribute to shock.

cardiogenic shock

classically associated with acute myocardial infarction in humans; in animals may be caused by intrinsic congestive heart failure, cardiac depression caused by anesthetic overdosage or other drugs with negative inotropism, rarely, thromboembolism.

colloidoclastic shock

shock due to breakdown of the physical equilibrium of the body colloids. Thought to cause anaphylactic shock due to the absorption of the colloids into the bloodstream.

distributive shock

see vasogenic shock (below).

electric shock

see electrical injuries.

electroplectic shock

electric shock. See also electrical stunning.

endotoxic shock

caused by endotoxins, especially Escherichia coli. See also toxemic shock.

shock gut

animals in shock develop changes in the gut including congestion and hemorrhage into the lumen.

hypovolemic shock

shock due to reduced blood volume as a result of water deprivation, fluid loss due to diarrhea, vomiting, extensive burns, intestinal obstruction, whole blood loss.

insulin shock

a condition of circulatory insufficiency resulting from overdosage with insulin, which causes too sudden reduction of blood sugar. It is marked by tremor, weakness, convulsions and collapse.

irreversible shock

shock which has reached the stage where irreparable damage has been done to tissues, e.g. liver, kidneys and treatment will not salvage the patient although it might prolong life for a long time.

shock lung

animals in shock due to massive burns, septicemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute viral or bacterial pneumonias or trauma develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome. The pulmonary lesion is a nonspecific acute or subacute interstitial pneumonia.

nervous shock

a temporary cessation of function in nervous tissue caused by an acute insult such as trauma without the part having been directly or detectably damaged. The loss of function is only temporary, usually for a few minutes but it may last for several hours. There may be residual signs due to direct damage when the shock passes. Stunning by a lightning stroke is an example.

shock organs

those organs, specific to each animal species, which respond to allergens circulating in the blood.

septic shock

see toxemic shock.

spinal shock

flaccid paralysis up and down the body from the site of the spinal cord lesion. Accompanied by a fall in skin temperature, vasodilatation and sweating. Signs disappear within an hour or two. There may be residual signs due to physical injury to tissue.

toxic shock

see toxemic shock.

vasogenic shock, vasculogenic shock

shock exists because of the severe reduction in effective circulating blood volume caused by sequestration of blood and other fluids in the vascular system and their withdrawal from the circulating blood. Is the classical shock of traumatic injury, burns, uterine prolapse, extensive surgery.

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shock lung

Post-traumatic respiratory insufficiency, traumatic 'wet lung' Critical care A condition in which changed pulmonary compliance and oxygenating capacity causes an ARDS-like picture with defective aeration due to multiple factors–eg, aspiration of gastric contents, atelectasis, cerebral injury–affecting respiratory rate, interstitial edema, microembolism, O₂ toxicity, sepsis, fulminant meningococcemia. See Adult respiratory distress syndrome.