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second messengers

   Also found in: Encyclopedia, Wikipedia 0.01 sec.
second messengers,
n intracellular substances that translate chemical or electrical messages from the environment into intracellular responses.


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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important second messengers for the induction of several genes in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions.
Gilman at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas share this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for identifying G proteins, which translate and integrate external signals for the cell's second messengers.
Growth of malignant cells could be regulated by various leptin-induced second messengers like STAT3 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 3), AP-1 (transcription activator protein 1), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and ERKs (extracellular signal-regulated kinases).
 
 
 
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