Salmonella /Sal·mo·nel·la/ (sal″mo-nel´ah) a genus of gram-negative bacteria. The genus Salmonella is very complex and has been described by several different systems of nomenclature. Clinical laboratories frequently report salmonellae as one of three species, differentiated on the basis of serologic and biochemical reactions: S. ty´phi, S. choleraesu´is, and S. enteri´tidis; the last contains all serotypes except the first two. In this system many strains familiarly named as species are designated as serotypes of S. enteritidis. Salmonellae may also be grouped into five subgenera (I–V) on the basis of biochemical reactions and further into species on the basis of antigenic reactions; subgenus I contains most of the species. Pathogenic species include S. arizo´nae (salmonellosis), S. choleraesuis (a strain pathogenic for pigs that may infect humans), S. enteritidis (gastroenteritis), S. enteritidis serotype paraty´phi A (paratyphoid fever), S. typhi (typhoid fever), and S. enteritidis serotype typhimu´rium (food poisoning and paratyphoid fever).
salmonella /sal·mo·nel·la/ (sal″mo-nel´ah) pl. salmonel´lae any organism of the genus Salmonella. salmonel´lal
Salmonella
Salmonella [sal″mo-nel´ah]
salmonella [sal″mo-nel´ah]
salmeterol xinafoate (salmet´
rol´ zin´fō´āt),
Patient discussion about Salmonella.
salmonella /sal·mo·nel·la/ (sal″mo-nel´ah) pl. salmonel´lae any organism of the genus Salmonella. salmonel´lal
| Salmonella n. A genus of aerobic to facultatively anaerobic gram-negative bacteria that are pathogenic in humans and animals. |
sal·mo·nel·la (s l m -n l )n. pl. sal·mo·nel·lae (-n l ) or sal·mo·nel·las or salmonella Any of various gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria of the genus Salmonella, many of which are pathogenic, causing food poisoning, typhoid, and paratyphoid fever in humans and other infectious diseases in domestic animals. |
Salmonella
[sal′mənel′ə]
Etymology: Daniel E. Salmon, American pathologist, 1850-1914
a genus of motile gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that includes species causing typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and some forms of gastroenteritis. See also salmonellosis.
Salmonella [sal″mo-nel´ah]
a genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, usually motile, rod-shaped bacteria; this genus is very complex and has been described by several different systems of nomenclature. Clinical laboratories frequently report salmonellae as one of three species, differentiated on the basis of serologic and biochemical reactions: S. ty´phi, S. cho´lerae-su´is, and S. enteri´tidis; the last contains all serotypes except the first two. In this system (the Ewing scheme) many strains familiarly named as species are designated as serotypes of S. enteritidis (for example, S. paraty´phi becomes S. enteri´tidis serotype paraty´phi A). Salmonellae may also be grouped into five subgenera (I–V) on the basis of biochemical reactions and further into species on the basis of antigenic reactions: subgenus I contains most of the species.
Salmonella species are widely distributed in other animals, frequently producing disease that can be transmitted to humans. In humans pathogenic species cause enteric fevers (typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever), septicemia, and gastroenteritis. The most frequent manifestation is food poisoning. Pathogenic species include S. arizo´nae (salmonellosis), S. cho´lerae-su´is (a strain pathogenic for pigs that may infect humans), S. enteri´tidis (gastroenteritis; also see discussion of Ewing scheme above), S. paraty´phi (or S. enteri´tidis serotype paraty´phi A) (paratyphoid fever), S. ty´phi (typhoid fever), and S. typhimu´rium (or S. enteri´tidis serotype typhimu´rium (food poisoning and paratyphoid fever).
Salmonella species are widely distributed in other animals, frequently producing disease that can be transmitted to humans. In humans pathogenic species cause enteric fevers (typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever), septicemia, and gastroenteritis. The most frequent manifestation is food poisoning. Pathogenic species include S. arizo´nae (salmonellosis), S. cho´lerae-su´is (a strain pathogenic for pigs that may infect humans), S. enteri´tidis (gastroenteritis; also see discussion of Ewing scheme above), S. paraty´phi (or S. enteri´tidis serotype paraty´phi A) (paratyphoid fever), S. ty´phi (typhoid fever), and S. typhimu´rium (or S. enteri´tidis serotype typhimu´rium (food poisoning and paratyphoid fever).
salmonella [sal″mo-nel´ah]
any organism of the genus Salmonella. adj., adj salmonel´lal.
salmeterol xinafoate (salmet´
rol´ zin´fō´āt),n brand name: Serevent Inhalation Aerosol;
drug class: long-acting selective β2-agonist;
action: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by directly acting on β2-adrenergic receptors; also inhibits release of mast cell mediators;
uses: treatment of bronchospasm, maintenance treatment of asthma and exercise-induced bronchospasm.
drug class: long-acting selective β2-agonist;
action: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by directly acting on β2-adrenergic receptors; also inhibits release of mast cell mediators;
uses: treatment of bronchospasm, maintenance treatment of asthma and exercise-induced bronchospasm.
Salmonella,
n a genus of motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that include species causing typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and other forms of gastroenteritis.
Salmonella
a genus of gram-negative, non-lactose fermenting, medium-sized, rod-shaped, bacteria, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, most species having flagella and pili. The genus contains one species which has been divided into seven subgroups and a very large number of serotypes. Most species pathogenic for warm-blooded animals are in subgroup I (S. enterica). Subgroups IIIa (S. salamae) and IIIb (S. arizonae) include some species occasionally pathogenic for animals and birds. The salmonella include the typhoid-paratyphoid bacilli and bacteria usually pathogenic for lower animals but which are often transmitted to humans. They cause salmonellosis which has a number of manifestations and some are specific causes of abortion.
Salmonella abortusequi
causes abortion in horses.
Salmonella abortusovis, Salmonella montevideo
cause abortion in sheep.
Salmonella arizonae
the name now applied to subgroup IIIa, these organisms cause severe enteritis and septicemia in chicks and turkey poults.
Salmonella bovismorbificans
causes enteritis in cattle and horses.
Salmonella choleraesuis biotype Kunzendorf
causes septicemic and enteric salmonellosis of swine. Called the hog cholera bacillus because of the similarity of the clinical diseases.
Salmonella dublin
causes septicemia, meningitis, enteritis and abortion in cattle and abortion in sheep.
Salmonella enteriditis
a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Recorded also in most domestic animal species and fowl.
Salmonella gallinarum
causes fowl typhoid.
Salmonella heidelberg
an occasional isolate in horses.
Salmonella pullorum
causes pullorum disease.
Salmonella typhimurium
DT 104 R-types ACSSuT infects all animal species and humans, but particularly cattle and in many countries DT104 (determinant type/phage type 104) has emerged to be the most common phage type of S. typhimurium. Of concern as it is resistant to many of the commonly used antibiotics including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides, and tetracyclines (R-type ACSSuT). Some have also developed resistance to trimethoprim and to quinolone antibiotics (R-type ACSSUTTm and ACSSuTCP). The causative agent of mouse typhoid and of food poisoning in humans. Causes outbreaks of enteritis in most species, often related to rodent infestation. The cause of fowl paratyphoid.
Salmonella typhisuis
an uncommon isolate in pigs.
Patient discussion about Salmonella.
Q. What are the symptoms of salmonella infection?
A. Dehydration is the principal clinical concern. The incubation period – the time between ingestion of Salmonella bacteria and the onset of illness – varies from six to 72 hours.Salmonella can cause three different kinds of illness: gastroenteritis, typhoid fever, and bacteremia.Symptoms of Salmonella gastroenteritis include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, and/or vomiting.In mild cases diarrhea may be non-bloody, occur several times per day, and not be very voluminous; in severe cases it may be frequent, bloody and/or mucoid, and of high volume. Fever generally occurs in the 100°F to 102°F (38°C to 39°C) range. Vomiting is less common than diarrhea. Headaches, myalgias (muscle pain), and arthralgias (joint pain) are often reported as well.Whereas the diarrhea typically lasts 24 to 72 hours, patients often report fatigue and other nonspecific symptoms lasting 7 days or longer. For the full article: http://www.about-salmonella.com/salmonella_symptoms_risks
Q. My Sister has Diarrhea for 3 days is it Salmonella? My Sister and I went out to a Chinese restaurant last week to celebrate my Birthday. A couple of days later my Sister became ill and has stomach aches and diarrhea. Is it Salmonella?
A. If the illness was caused by eating in the restaurant, then it could be Salmonella or food poisoning.
Salmonella are usually transmitted to humans by eating foods contaminated with animal feces. Contaminated foods usually look and smell normal. Contaminated foods are often of animal origin, such as beef, poultry, milk, or eggs, but all foods, including vegetables may become contaminated. Many raw foods of animal origin are frequently contaminated, but fortunately, thorough cooking kills Salmonella. Food may also become contaminated by the unwashed hands of an infected food handler, who forgot to wash his or her hands with soap after using the bathroom.
Salmonella are usually transmitted to humans by eating foods contaminated with animal feces. Contaminated foods usually look and smell normal. Contaminated foods are often of animal origin, such as beef, poultry, milk, or eggs, but all foods, including vegetables may become contaminated. Many raw foods of animal origin are frequently contaminated, but fortunately, thorough cooking kills Salmonella. Food may also become contaminated by the unwashed hands of an infected food handler, who forgot to wash his or her hands with soap after using the bathroom.
Q. What is salmonellosis? I heard on the news that there was a salmonella outbreak recently. What is it?
A. Salmonellosis is an infection with a bacteria called Salmonella. Most persons infected with Salmonella develop diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after infection. The illness usually lasts 4 to 7 days, and most persons recover without treatment.
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