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RIA |
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RIA, abbreviation for radioimmunoassay. radioimmunoassay (RIA) [ra″de-o-im″u-no-as´a] a sensitive assay method that can be used for the measurement of minute quantities of specific antibodies or any antigen, such as a hormone or drug, against which specific antibodies can be raised. An assay for a specific hormone uses antihormone antibody produced by injecting the human hormone into an animal, such as a rabbit, and hormone that has been labeled with a radioisotope. These are mixed with the assay specimen and the antigen (hormone) bound to antibody is separated from the unbound antigen by chromatography or other means. Because any hormone in the assay specimen competes with the radiolabeled hormone for antibody binding sites, the amount of hormone in the specimen is inversely proportional to the radioactivity of the bound fraction or directly proportional to the activity of the free fraction. This is the standard method for clinical laboratory measurements of hormones and is also used for therapeutic drug monitoring, drug abuse screening, and other laboratory tests.
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