residual urine

urine (u´rin) the fluid excreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra.

residual urine urine remaining in the bladder after urination.

residual urine

Urine remaining in the bladder at the end of micturition, as in cases of prostatic obstruction or bladder atony.

residual urine,

urine that remains in the bladder after urination.

urine [u´rin]

the fluid containing water and waste products that is secreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and discharged by way of the urethra.

Contents of the Urine. Several different types of waste products are eliminated in urine (for example, urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine); none are useful in the blood. The largest component of urine by weight (apart from water) is urea, which is derived from the breakdown of dietary proteins and amino acids in the diet and those of the body itself. Its amount varies greatly from person to person, however, depending on the amount of protein in the diet. Besides waste materials, urine also contains surpluses of products necessary for bodily functioning, such as water, sodium chloride, and other substances. Thus in a typical specimen of urine there will be sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, and sulfate.

The color of urine is due to the presence of the yellow pigment urochrome. Individual ingredients of urine are not usually visible, but when the urine is alkaline some of the ingredients may form sediments of phosphates and urates. The urine may also become cloudy from the presence of mucus. Persistent cloudiness may indicate the presence of pus or blood. Common causes of variations in the color of urine are summarized in the accompanying table.

fractional urine examination of a urine specimen with separate examination for different solutes, generally meaning that the specimen is tested for the presence of glucose and acetone.

midstream urine clean-catch specimen.

residual urine urine remaining in the bladder after urination; seen in bladder outlet obstruction and disorders of deficient detrusor contractility.

residual

remaining or left behind.

residual body

an amorphous body formed by the separation of the original tail of the spermatid during its metamorphosis to spermatozoon.

residual spray

insecticide spray for surfaces. Has a residual effect either because of the ingredient or the vehicle. Aimed at killing the larvae that are still to hatch.

residual urine

urine remaining in the bladder after voiding; seen with bladder outlet obstruction and disorders affecting nerves controlling bladder function.

urine

the fluid containing water and waste products which are secreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder and discharged by way of the urethra. See also urinary.

urine albumin

see albuminuria.

urine alkalinization

increasing the pH of urine by the administration of alkalinizing agents such as sodium bicarbonate; used to increase the solubility of cystine in the management of cystine urolithiasis in dogs.

blood in urine

see hematuria.

urine burn

see urine scald (below).

urine calculi

see urolith, urolithiasis.

urine casts

see urinary casts.

urine cells

see urine sediment (below).

urine chromogens

see chromogen.

urine concentration test

see water deprivation test.

urine creatine

see creatinuria.

urine crystals

see crystalluria.

urine drinking

in farm animals is observed in nutritional deficiency of sodium chloride.

urine flow

the rate of flow may be reduced—oliguria, absent—anuria, or increased—polyuria.

urine flowmetry

measure of urine flow rates.

urine glucose

see glucosuria.

urine hemoglobin

see hemoglobinuria.

urine immunoglobulins

may be found in small amounts in normal animals. Increased amounts occur in renal disease due to disruption of glomeruli and defects in tubular reabsorption.

urine indican

see indicanuria.

urine ketones

see ketonuria.

urine marking

see spraying.

metastable urine

calcium oxalate crystals are maintained and can enlarge in urine oversaturated with these minerals.

urine methemoglobin

see methemoglobinuria.

urine myoglobin

see myoglobinuria.

urine osmolality

a measure of the number of dissolved particles per unit of water in urine. See also osmolality.

oversaturated urine

calcium and oxalate crystals will spontaneously precipitate, grow and aggregate.

urine peritonitis

caused by the presence of urine in the peritoneal cavity as in rupture of the bladder.

urine pH

the normal range varies with the animal species. Herbivores have a higher pH than carnivores because of differences in the diet. Alterations occur with changes in acid-base balance and infection in the urinary tract.

urine protein

see proteinuria.

pus in urine

see pyuria.

red urine

see hematuria, hemoglobinuria.

residual urine

urine remaining in the bladder after urination; seen in bladder outlet obstruction (as by prostatic hypertrophy) and disorders affecting nerves controlling bladder function.

urine sample collection

midstream collection is standard; for culture the sample should be collected by catheter or suprapubic, percutaneous needle insertion into the bladder.

urine scald

scalding of the perineal area, and sometimes the hindlegs, by urine. It may be the result of urinary incontinence or the animal's inability to assume normal posture when urinating, i.e. paresis or paralysis of the hindlimbs. In rabbits it is caused by poor cage accommodation and frequent wetting of the area with urine. Secondary infection of the dermatitis is common.

urine sediment

a centrifuged deposit suitable for microscopic examination for the presence of cells, casts, bacteria, crystals, etc.

urine specific gravity

see specific gravity.

subcutaneous urine aggregation

urine leaking from a damaged urethra collects in a subcutaneous site.

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