fistula /fis·tu·la/ (fis´tu-lah) pl. fistulas, fis´tulae [L.] an abnormal passage between two internal organs or from an internal organ to the body surface. 
pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
)
Various types of fistulae, designated according to site or to the organs with which they communicate. (A), Genitourinary fistulae; (B), anal fistulae.
anal fistula one from the anus to the skin, sometimes communicating with the rectum.
arteriovenous fistula
1. one between an artery and a vein.
2. a surgically created arteriovenous connection that provides a site of access for hemodialysis tubing.
blind fistula one open at one end only, opening on the skin (external blind f.) or on an internal mucous surface (internal blind f.) .
branchial fistula a persistent pharyngeal groove (branchial cleft).
cerebrospinal fluid fistula one between the subarachnoid space and a body cavity, with leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, usually as otorrhea or rhinorrhea.
colonic fistula one connecting the colon with the body surface or another organ.
craniosinus fistula one between the cerebral space and one of the sinuses, permitting escape of cerebrospinal fluid into the nose.
enterovesical fistula one connecting the urinary bladder with some part of the intestines.
fecal fistula a colonic fistula that discharges feces on the body surface.
gastric fistula one communicating with the stomach, either pathologically or surgically created through the abdominal wall.
genitourinary fistula one between two organs of the urogenital system or between one of those organs and some other system.
incomplete fistula blind f.
intestinal fistula one communicating with the intestine; sometimes surgically created through the abdominal wall.
perilymph fistula rupture of the round window with leakage of perilymph into the middle ear, causing sensorineural hearing loss.
pulmonary arteriovenous fistula a congenital fistula between the pulmonary arterial and venous systems, so that unoxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation.
salivary fistula one communicating with a salivary duct.
tracheoesophageal fistula one connecting the trachea and esophagus, either pathologically or created surgically to restore speech after laryngectomy.
umbilical fistula one communicating with the colon or the urachus at the umbilicus.
arteriovenous
both arterial and venous; pertaining to both artery and vein.
arteriovenous anastomosis
a direct connection between an artery and a vein that acts as a shunt to bypass the capillary bed. These occur in areas where a high volume blood supply is needed only intermittently, e.g. the intestine.
arteriovenous fistula
an abnormal communication between an artery and a vein; includes cardiac defects such as ventricular septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus. Peripheral fistulae, especially in the extremities, may be localized, usually acquired and the result of trauma, while congenital defects tend to be more diffuse, involving a network of anastomosing vessels.
The effects of arteriovenous fistulae are variable, depending on their location and the amount of blood carried. Within the liver they usually connect the hepatic artery and portal vein, causing portal hypertension and ascites. Small peripheral fistulae may be noticeable only as warm, reducible swellings, often with an audible thrill, or give rise to edema distal to the site. More severe effects are also possible.
pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
a congenital anomalous communication between the pulmonary arterial and venous systems, allowing unoxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation.
pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation Pulmonology An abnormal arterioovenous communication in the lungs, resulting in right-to-left shunting of non oxygenated blood, a finding in1⁄3
of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, aka Osler-Weber-Rendu disease Clinical May be asymptomatic; Sx may include SOB, hemoptysis, cyanosis, finger clubbing, and a heart murmur heard by stethoscope over the malformation Management Unnecessary if
asymptomatic, or, surgical resection or embolization
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