protein kinase

protein kinase /pro·tein ki·nase/ (pro´tēn ki´nās) an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine, threonine, or tyrosine groups in enzymes or other proteins, using ATP as a phosphate donor.

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protein kinase (PKA),

a protein that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate to produce a phosphoprotein.

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protein (prō´tēn),

n a group of complex organic nitrogenous compounds; the principal constituent of cell protoplasm. Polymers of amino acids that are joined by peptide or amide bonds.

protein, anabolic,

n See steroid, C-19 cortico.

protein, Bence Jones,

n.pr a special protein found in the blood and urine of patients with multiple myeloma and occasionally other diseases involving bone marrow, such as sarcoma and leukemia.

protein, bone morphogenetic (BMP)

n one of several genetically produced proteins that promotes the formation of bone and cartilage.

protein, C-reactive,

n a mucoprotein whose presence in serum is always abnormal. It may be present in a variety of inflammatory or necrotic disease processes. It is almost always present in the serum in acute rheumatic fever.

protein chemical score (CS),

n the result of a comparison between the amount of essential amino acid in a dietary protein and the amount in a reference protein.

protein, complementary,

n a protein that is incomplete on its own but may become complete when combined with other proteins to provide all the amino acids necessary for normal metabolism.

protein, complete,

n a protein that contains ample amounts of all the amino acids necessary for normal metabolism; animal proteins.

protein, deficiency,

n See deficiency, protein.

protein efficiency ratio (PER),

n a calculation designed to assess an individual protein's ability to sustain growth.

protein incomplete,

n a protein that is missing one or more of the amino acids necessary for normal metabolism; vegetable protein.

protein kinase,

n a protein that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate to produce a phosphoprotein.

protein, plasma,

n blood serum contains 6.5 to 8 grams percent of a complex mixture of proteins, including albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen.

protein, reference,

n a protein, usually egg, against which other proteins may be measured to evaluate their capability for supporting synthesis.

protein, spare,

n one of several roles a carbohydrate food may play in a well-balanced diet. Many foods that are technically classified as carbohydrates, including some whole grains and beans, contain relatively significant amounts of protein that may, therefore, be referred to as spare.

protein specificity,

n the arrangement of protein molecules in numerous spatial configurations to suit the special needs of the physical and chemical activities of the cell. The wide degree of variability of protein structures permits a high degree of specificity of tissue within one body. This characteristic of protein specificity is of great significance in blood transfusions, tissue grafts, and many allergic manifestations.

protein, thromboplastic,

n See factor III.