pro·chlor·per·a·zine (pr  klôr-pâr  -z n)n. A phenothiazine drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia and nonpsychotic anxiety and as an antiemetic. |
prochlorperazine
prochlorperazine
Compazine (CA), Compro, Stemetil (CA)
Pharmacologic class: Phenothiazine
Therapeutic class: Antiemetic, antipsychotic, anxiolytic
Pregnancy risk category C
Action
Exerts anticholinergic, CNS depressant, and antihistaminic effects. Depresses release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones, decreases sensitivity of middle-ear labyrinth, and reduces conduction in vestibular-cerebellar pathways.
Availability
Capsules (extended-release, maleate): 10 mg, 15 mg, 30 mg
Injection (edisylate): 5 mg/ml
Oral solution (edisylate): 5 mg/5 ml
Suppositories: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 25 mg
Tablets: 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg
⊘Indications and dosages
➣ Nausea
Adults: 5 to 10 mg P.O. three to four times daily or 15 mg P.O. once daily or 10 mg P.O. (extended-release) b.i.d., up to 40 mg/day. Or 2.5 to 10 mg I.V., not to exceed 40 mg/day.
Children weighing 18 to 38 kg (40 to 85 lb): 2.5 mg P.O. or P.R. t.i.d. or 5 mg P.O. or P.R. b.i.d., not to exceed 15 mg/day
Children weighing 13.6 to 17.7 kg (30 to 39 lb): 2.5 mg P.O. or P.R. two or three times daily, not to exceed 10 mg/day
Children weighing 9 to 13 kg (20 to 29 lb): 2.5 mg P.O. or P.R. daily to b.i.d., not to exceed 7.5 mg/day
➣ Nausea and vomiting related to surgery
Adults: 5 to 10 mg I.V. 15 to 30 minutes before anesthesia induction, repeated once if necessary; or 5 to 10 mg I.M. 1 to 2 hours before anesthesia induction, repeated once in 30 minutes if necessary
➣ Schizophrenia
Adults and children older than age 12: For mild symptoms, 5 to 10 mg P.O. three to four times daily; for moderate to severe symptoms in hospitalized or supervised patients, 10 mg P.O. three to four times daily, increased p.r.n. q 2 to 3 days to 50 to 75 mg P.O. daily or up to 150 mg/day as tolerated p.r.n. for more severely disturbed patients. Or 10 to 20 mg I.M.; may repeat q 2 to 4 hours for up to four doses p.r.n.
Children ages 2 to 12: Initially, 2.5 mg P.O. or P.R. two or three times daily (maximum of 10 mg on day 1); then increase based on response. Don't exceed 25 mg/day for children ages 6 to 12 or 20 mg/day for children ages 2 to 5.
➣ Anxiety
Adults and children older than age 12: 5 mg P.O. three to four times daily; or 15 mg P.O. (extended-release) once daily or 10 mg P.O. (extended-release) q 12 hours; up to 20 mg/day for a maximum of 12 weeks
Off-label uses
• Migraine
Contraindications
• Hypersensitivity to drug or other phenothiazines
• Coma
• Concurrent use of large amounts of CNS depressants
• Pediatric surgery
• Children younger than age 2 or weighing less than 9 kg (20 lb)
Precautions
Use cautiously in:
• cardiovascular or hepatic disease, glaucoma, seizures
• anticipated exposure to extreme heat
• children with acute illness.
Administration
• For I.V. infusion, dilute 20 mg in 1 L of compatible I.V. solution, such as normal saline solution.
• Don't mix in same syringe with other drugs.
• Know that injection solution may cause contact dermatitis. Don't get it on hands or clothing.
☞ Give I.V. by slow infusion only. Don't give as bolus.
• Know that I.M. injection is not preferred because it can cause local irritation. However, if I.M. route is prescribed, inject deep into upper outer quadrant of gluteal area.
• Don't give by subcutaneous route.
• After desired response, switch to P.O. form as prescribed.
• When infusing I.V., watch for hypotension. Keep patient supine for 30 minutes after infusion.
| Route | Onset | Peak | Duration |
| P.O. | 30-40 min | Unknown | 3-4 hr |
| P.O. (extended) | 30-40 min | Unknown | 10-12 hr |
| I.V. | Rapid (min) | 10-30 min | 3-4 hr |
| I.M. | 10-20 min | 10-30 min | 3-4 hr |
| P.R. | 60 min | Unknown | 3-4 hr |
Adverse reactions
CNS: sedation, extrapyramidal reactions, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
CV: orthostatic hypotension, ECG changes, tachycardia
EENT: blurred vision, lens opacities, pigmentary retinopathy, dry eyes
GI: constipation, ileus, dry mouth, anorexia
GU: pink or reddish-brown urine, urinary retention, galactorrhea
Hematologic: agranulocytosis, leukopenia
Hepatic: cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis
Metabolic: hyperthermia
Skin: photosensitivity, pigmentation changes, rash
Other: allergic reactions
Interactions
Drug-drug. Anticonvulsants: reduced seizure threshold
Antineoplastics: masking of antineoplastic toxicity
CNS depressants (including antihistamines, anticholinergics, opioids, other phenothiazines, sedative-hypnotics): additive CNS depression
Guanethidine: inhibition of antihypertensive effects
Oral anticoagulants: decreased anticoagulant effect
Phenytoin: increased or decreased phenytoin blood level
Propranolol: increased blood levels of both drugs
Thiazide diuretics: increased risk of orthostatic hypotension
Drug-diagnostic tests. Liver function tests: abnormal results
Phenylketonuria test: false-positive result
Drug-herbs. Betel nut: increased risk of extrapyramidal reactions
Evening primrose oil: increased risk of seizures
Kava: increased risk of drug-related adverse reactions
Drug-behaviors. Alcohol use: additive CNS depression
Patient monitoring
☞ Monitor neurologic status, especially for signs and symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, sweating, unstable blood pressure, stupor, muscle rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction).
• In long-term therapy, assess for other adverse CNS effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia.
• Monitor patient closely if he's receiving drug for nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, because it may mask symptoms of chemotherapy toxicity.
• Evaluate CBC and liver function tests.
Patient teaching
• Instruct patient to dilute oral solution with tomato or fruit juice, milk, coffee, soda, tea, water, or soup.
☞ Teach patient to recognize and immediately report signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction or neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
• Inform patient about drug's other CNS effects. Tell him to contact prescriber if these occur.
• Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration, vision, alertness, and motor skills.
• Tell patient drug may turn urine pink or reddish brown.
• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, herbs, and behaviors mentioned above.
prochlorperazine
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