Vaccine (redirected from poliovirus vaccine live oral)

vaccine /vac·cine/ (vak´sen) a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, or rickettsiae), or of antigenic proteins derived from them, administered for prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious diseases.

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acellular vaccine  a cell-free vaccine prepared from purified antigenic components of cell-free microorganisms, carrying less risk than whole-cell preparations.

anthrax vaccine  a cell-free protein extract of cultures of Bacillus anthracis, used for immunization against anthrax.

attenuated vaccine  a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms or viruses cultured under adverse conditions leading to loss of their virulence but retention of their ability to induce protective immunity.

autogenous vaccine  a vaccine prepared from microorganisms which have been freshly isolated from the lesion of the patient who is to be treated with it.

BCG vaccine  a preparation used as an active immunizing agent against tuberculosis and in treatment of bladder cancer, consisting of a dried, living, avirulent culture of the Calmette-Guérin strain of Mycobacterium bovis.

cholera vaccine  a preparation of killed Vibrio cholerae, used in immunization against cholera.

diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine  (DTP) a combination of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine; used for simultaneous immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough. When the pertussis vaccine is an acellular form, the combination may be abbreviated DTaP.

diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed and Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine  a combination of diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, pertussis vaccine, and b conjugate vaccine; used for simultaneous immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and infection by Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine  (HbCV) a preparation of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide covalently bound to diphtheria toxoid or to a specific diphtheria, meningococcal, or tetanus protein; it stimulates both B and T lymphocyte responses and is used as an immunizing agent in infants and young children.

Haemophilus b polysaccharide vaccine  (HbPV) a preparation of highly purified capsular polysaccharide derived from Haemophilus influenzae type b, which stimulates an immune response in B lymphocytes only; used as an immunizing agent in children.

hepatitis A vaccine inactivated  an inactivated whole virus vaccine derived from an attenuated strain of hepatitis A virus grown in cell culture.

hepatitis B vaccine  a preparation of hepatitis B surface antigen, derived either from human plasma of carriers of hepatitis B (hepatitis B v. inactivated) or from cloning in yeast cells (hepatitis B v. [recombinant]).

heterologous vaccine  a vaccine that confers protective immunity against a pathogen that shares cross-reacting antigens with the microorganisms in the vaccine.

human diploid cell vaccine  (HDCV) see rabies v.

influenza virus vaccine  a killed virus vaccine used in immunization against influenza; it is trivalent, usually containing two influenza A virus strains and one influenza B virus strain.

live vaccine  one prepared from live microorganisms that have been attenuated but that retain their immunogenic properties.

Lyme disease vaccine (recombinant OspA)  a preparation of outer surface protein A (OspA), a cell surface lipoprotein of Borrelia burgdorferi, produced by recombinant technology; used for active immunization against Lyme disease.

measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine live  (MMR) a combination of live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella viruses, used for simultaneous immunization against measles, mumps, and rubella.

measles and rubella virus vaccine live  a combination of live attenuated measles and rubella viruses, used for simultaneous immunization against measles and rubella.

measles virus vaccine live  a live attenuated virus vaccine used for immunization against measles, although it is generally administered as the combination measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine.

meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine  a preparation of capsular polysaccharide antigen of Neisseria meningitidis, used to provide immunity to meningitis.

mixed vaccine  polyvalent v.

mumps virus vaccine live  a live attenuated virus vaccine used in immunization against mumps; usually administered as the combination measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine.

pertussis vaccine  a preparation of killed Bordetella pertussis bacilli (whole-cell vaccine) or of purified antigenic components thereof (acellular vaccine), used to immunize against pertussis; generally used in combination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP or DTaP).

plague vaccine  a preparation of killed Yersinia pestis bacilli, used as an active immunizing agent.

pneumococcal heptavalent conjugate vaccine  a preparation of capsular polysaccharides from the seven serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae most commonly isolated from young children, coupled to a nontoxic variant of diphtheria toxin; used as an active immunizing agent.

pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent  a preparation of purified capsular polysaccharides from the 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing the majority of pneumococcal disease; used as an active immunizing agent.

poliovirus vaccine inactivated  (IPV) Salk v.; a suspension of formalin-inactivated polioviruses used for immunization against poliomyelitis.

poliovirus vaccine live oral  (OPV) Sabin v.; a preparation of a combination of the three types of live, attenuated polioviruses used as an active immunizing agent against poliomyelitis.

polyvalent vaccine  one prepared from cultures or antigens of more than one strain or species.

purified chick embryo cell vaccine  a preparation of inactivated rabies virus grown in cultures of chicken fibroblasts; used for pre- and post-exposure rabies immunization.

rabies vaccine  an inactivated virus vaccine used for pre- and postexposure immunization against rabies; it may be prepared from virus grown in human diploid cell culture (human diploid cell v.), that grown in cultures of chicken fibroblasts (purified chick embryo cell v.), or that grown in cultures of fetal rhesus lung and concentrated by adsorption to aluminum phosphate (rabies v. adsorbed).

replicative vaccine  any vaccine containing organisms that are able to reproduce, including live and attenuated viruses and bacteria.

rotavirus vaccine live oral  a live virus vaccine produced from a mixture of four rotavirus types grown in fetal rhesus diploid cells; used to immunize infants against rotaviral gastroenteritis.

rubella and mumps virus vaccine live  a combination of live attenuated rubella and mumps viruses, used for simultaneous immunization against rubella and mumps.

rubella virus vaccine live  a live attenuated virus vaccine used for immunization against rubella, usually administered as the combination measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine.

Sabin vaccine  poliovirus v. live oral.

Salk vaccine  poliovirus v. inactivated.

subunit vaccine  a vaccine produced from specific protein subunits of a virus and thus having less risk of adverse reactions than whole virus vaccines.

typhoid vaccine  any of several preparations of Salmonella typhi used for immunization against typhoid fever, including a parenteral heat- and phenol-inactivated bacteria vaccine, an oral live vaccine prepared from the attenuated strain Ty21a, and a parenteral vaccine prepared from typhoid Vi capsular polysaccharide.

varicella virus vaccine live  a preparation of live, attenuated human herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster virus) used for production of immunity to varicella and herpes zoster.

yellow fever vaccine  a preparation of attenuated yellow fever virus, used to immunize against yellow fever.

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vac·cine (vk-sn vksn)

n.

1. A preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus, or of a portion of the pathogen's structure that upon administration stimulates antibody production against the pathogen but is incapable of causing severe infection.

2. A vaccine prepared from the cowpox virus and inoculated against smallpox.

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Vaccine

A preparation using a non-infectious element or relative of a particular virus or bacteria, and administered with the intention of halting the progress of an infection, or completely preventing it.

Mentioned in: Encephalitis, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis E, Smallpox

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vaccine (vaksēn´),

agent prepared to produce active immunity that usually kills microbes, attenuated live microbes, or variant strains of microbes and can induce antibody production without producing disease.

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vaccine

a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (viruses, bacteria or rickettsiae), administered for prevention, amelioration or treatment of infectious diseases.

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anti-idiotype vaccine

antibody made to antigenic determinants located in the variable domains of immunoglobulin molecules. Proposed as a means of regulating antibody responses and also as a substitute antigen for vaccination.

vaccine-associated sarcoma

see sarcoma.

attenuated vaccine

a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms that have lost their virulence but retained their ability to induce protective immunity. Attenuated microorganisms including particularly bacteria and viruses may be found naturally or they may be produced in the laboratory, for example by adaptation to a new medium or cell culture or they may be produced by recombinant DNA technology.

autogenous vaccine

a vaccine prepared from cultures of material derived from a lesion of the animal to be vaccinated, e.g. wart vaccine.

bacterial vaccine

a preparation of attenuated or killed bacteria, used to immunize against organisms injected, or sometimes for pyrogenetic effects in treatment of certain noninfectious diseases.

biosynthetic vaccine

a formulation containing a protective, noninfectious, immunogenic subunit produced in or by a biological system.

caprinized vaccine

a vaccine, usually a virus, attenuated by serial passage through goats, e.g. caprinized rinderpest vaccine. In highly susceptible cattle this vaccine may cause significant reactions and lapinized vaccines are preferred.

core vaccine

one that should always be included in the basic immunization program for the species.

dead vaccine

inactivated vaccine; one with organisms that have been killed.

DNA vaccine

DNA sequences that code for immunogenic proteins located in appropriately constructed plasmids which include strong promoters, which when injected into an animal are taken up by cells and the immunogenic proteins are expressed and elicit an immune response. No vaccines of this type are licensed and concerns about safety have not been resolved.

heterotypic vaccine

one developed from a virus that is antigenically distinct but related to that causing the disease for which the animal is being immunized, e.g. measles vaccine used to protect dogs from canine distemper.

homotypic vaccine

one developed from the same virus as that causing the disease the animal is being immunized against.

human diploid cell vaccine

an inactivated rabies vaccine made from rabies virus grown on human embryo lung fibroblast cells.

inactivated vaccine

see dead vaccine (above).

killed virus (KV) vaccine

see dead vaccine (above).

live vaccine

a vaccine prepared from live, usually attenuated, microorganisms.

vaccine lymph

material containing vaccinia virus collected from vaccinial vesicles of inoculated calves; used for active immunization against smallpox.

mixed vaccine

see mixed bacterial vaccine.

modified live virus (MLV) vaccine

see attenuated vaccine (above).

polyvalent vaccine

one prepared from more than one strain or species of microorganisms.

recombinant vaccine

one created by recombinant DNA technology.

subunit vaccine

one containing only specific antigenic proteins of the infectious agent.

synthetic peptide vaccine

using synthetic short peptides which correspond with major epitopes of viral proteins to elicit a protective antibody response.

virus-vectored vaccine

use of viruses as vectors to carry selected genes from another virus for immunization.