ulcer /ul·cer/ (ul´ser) a local defect, or excavation of the surface, of an organ or tissue, produced by sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue.
Peptic ulcer
peptic ulcer,
ulcer (ul´sur),
corneal ulcer ulcerative keratitis.
decubital ulcer , decubitus ulcer bedsore; an ulceration due to an arterial occlusion or prolonged pressure, as when a patient is confined to a bed or a wheelchair.
duodenal ulcer a peptic ulcer situated in the duodenum.
gastric ulcer an ulcer of the gastric mucosa.
Hunner's ulcer one involving all layers of the bladder wall, occurring in chronic interstitial cystitis.
jejunal ulcer an ulcer of the jejunum; such an ulcer following surgery is called a secondary jejunal u.
marginal ulcer a gastric ulcer in the jejunal mucosa near the site of a gastrojejunostomy.
peptic ulcer an ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum, due to action of the acid gastric juice.
perforating ulcer one involving the entire thickness of an organ or of the wall of an organ creating an opening on both surfaces.
phagedenic ulcer
1. a necrotic lesion associated with prominent tissue destruction, due to secondary bacterial invasion of an existing cutaneous lesion or of intact skin in a person with impaired resistance as the result of systemic disease.
plantar ulcer a deep neurotrophic ulcer of the sole of the foot, resulting from repeated injury because of lack of sensation in the part; seen with diseases such as diabetes mellitus and leprosy.
rodent ulcer ulcerating basal cell carcinoma of the skin.
stercoraceous ulcer , stercoral ulcer one caused by pressure of impacted feces; also, a fistulous ulcer through which fecal matter escapes.
stress ulcer peptic ulcer, usually gastric, resulting from stress.
trophic ulcer one due to imperfect nutrition of the part.
tropical ulcer
1. a lesion of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
tropical phagedenic ulcer a chronic, painful, phagedenic ulcer of unknown cause, usually on the lower limbs of malnourished children in the tropics.
varicose ulcer an ulcer due to varicose veins.
venereal ulcer a nonspecific term referring to the formation of ulcers resembling chancre or chancroid about the external genitalia.
| peptic ulcer n. An ulcer of the upper digestive tract, usually in the stomach or duodenum, where the mucous membrane is exposed to gastric secretions. |
Peptic ulcer
Ulcers in the stomach and upper duodenum (first portion of the small intestine) caused by stomach acid and a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori.
peptic ulcer,
a sharply circumscribed loss of the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the GI system exposed to gastric juices containing acid and pepsin. Also called gastric ulcer.
observations Peptic ulcers may be acute or chronic. Acute lesions are almost always multiple and superficial. They may be totally asymptomatic and usually heal without scarring or other sequelae. Chronic ulcers are true ulcers. They are deep, single, persistent, and symptomatic; the muscular coat of the wall of the organ does not regenerate; a scar forms, marking the site, and the mucosa may heal completely. Peptic ulcers are caused by a combination of poorly understood factors, including an excessive secretion of gastric acid, inadequate protection of the mucous membrane, stress, heredity, and the use of certain drugs, including the corticosteroids, certain antihypertensives, and antiinflammatory medications (especially acetylsalicylic acid and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs). There is growing evidence from research that a bacterium present in the gut-Helicobacter pylori,-may be responsible for peptic ulcer disease. Characteristically ulcers cause a gnawing pain in the epigastrium that does not radiate to the back, is not aggravated by a change in position, and has a temporal pattern that mimics the diurnal rhythm of gastric acidity.
interventions Symptomatic relief is provided with drugs that either neutralize or block secretion of acid and frequent small bland meals. The underlying cause is treated if known. If H. pylori is present, a 2-week triple therapy regimen of tetracycline, metronidazole, and bismuth may be given. Hemorrhage caused by perforation of the muscle and blood vessels may require surgical resection of the damaged area. The diagnosis and evaluation of peptic ulcers involve serial radiographic studies using a contrast medium and endoscopy. A definitive diagnosis is important because the early signs of cancer of the stomach and duodenum resemble those of peptic ulcers.
nursing considerations The patient is reassured that in most cases the ulcers heal completely and that the pain may be controlled with simple measures. The nurse emphasizes the correct use of antacids and the other medications prescribed. Usually the patient is instructed to eat frequent small meals consisting of foods known to be nonirritating. For many but not all patients, fatty, highly spiced, heavy, or fibrous foods are likely to provoke pain. The use of tobacco and alcohol is discouraged.
ulcer (ul´sur),
n a loss of covering epithelium from the skin or mucous membranes, causing gradual disintegration and necrosis of the tissues.
)
“Ugly duckling” stage of mixed dentition.
ulcer, aphthous
n an open, shallow lesion in the oral cavity that causes pain; commonly known as a
canker sore. The cause is unknown, and treatment is limited to alleviating the symptoms.
canker sore. The cause is unknown, and treatment is limited to alleviating the symptoms.
ulcer, aphthous, recurrent (RAU)
n periodic episodes of aphthous lesions on nonkeratinized oral tissues lasting from 1 week to several months. Trauma and immunologic factors are involved in the etiology. The single or multiple discrete or confluent ulcers have a well-defined marginal erythema and a central area of necrosis with sloughing. Also called
canker sore and
recurrent aphthae.
canker sore and
recurrent aphthae.
ulcer, autochthonous
n See chancre.
ulcer, decubitus
n 1. a bedsore.
2. older term for a traumatic ulcer of the oral mucosa. More commonly called
traumatic ulcer.
2. older term for a traumatic ulcer of the oral mucosa. More commonly called
traumatic ulcer.
)
Decubitus ulcer.
ulcer, diabetic
n an ulcer, usually of the lower extremities, associated with diabetes mellitus.
ulcer, herpetic
n an ulcer on keratinized orofacial tissues that is secondary to the vesicle of herpes simplex after the intact surface is broken by trauma to the lesion; a shallow ulcer with an irregular, erythematous border and a yellow-gray base. Contagious through all stages of lesion. Can be treated by topical acyclovir. Also called a
cold sore.
cold sore.
ulcer, Mikulicz's
n.pr See periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens.
ulcer, pemphigoid aphthous,
n a lesion located on the gingiva or mucous membranes due to a chronic disease of the autoimmune system. It is indicated by a wound with a thick wall that ruptures within 24 to 48 hours and leaves an eroded and painful surface area. It heals through the formation of a scar.
ulcer, peptic
n an ulcer of the stomach or duodenum. Most ulcers are associated with
H. pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acidic environment of the stomach. They can also be caused or worsened by drugs such as aspirin and other NSAIDs.
H. pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acidic environment of the stomach. They can also be caused or worsened by drugs such as aspirin and other NSAIDs.
ulcer, pterygoid
n See aphtha, Bednar's.
ulcer, rodent,
n See carcinoma, basal cell.
ulcer, traumatic,
n an ulcer that is caused by trauma. It can be due to faulty oral hygiene, rough foods, oral habits, poor-fitting dentures, or inadvertent mastication or biting of oral tissues. The offending cause may need to be removed by the patient or clinician. After this treatment, it must heal within a 2-week period to rule out any oral cancer concerns. The older term in dentistry is
decubitus ulcer.
decubitus ulcer.
peptic
pertaining to pepsin or to digestion or to the action of gastric juices.
peptic ulcer
an ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum, caused by the action of the acid gastric juice. There are two kinds of peptic ulcers: gastric ulcers occur in the stomach; duodenal ulcers occur in the duodenum, the part of the small intestine nearest the stomach. Most common in cattle and dogs, but they do occur sporadically in other species. See also zollinger-ellison syndrome.
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