pain and suffering

pain and suffering,

(in law) an element in a claim for damages that allows recovery for the mental and physical pain, suffering, distress, and trauma that an individual has endured as a result of injury.

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pain,

n an unpleasant sensation created by a noxious stimulus mediated along specific nerve pathways to the central nervous system, where it is interpreted. The sensation of pain is a protective mechanism that warns of danger without giving too much information about the specific nature of the danger. It initiates nociceptive reflexes.

pain and suffering,

n an element in a claim for damages in a liability lawsuit. It requests compensation to an individual for mental and physical pain and discomfort as a result of an injury.

pain, assessment,

n an evaluation of the reported pain and the factors that alleviate or exacerbate a patient's pain; used as an aid in the diagnosis and the treatment of disease and trauma.

pain, chest,

n pain that occurs in the chest region because of disorders of the heart (e.g., angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or pericarditis), pulmonary artery (pulmonary embolism or hypertension), lungs (pleuritis), esophagus (“heartburn”), abdominal organs (aerophagia, biliary tract disease, splenic infarction, or gaseous distention in the splenic flexure), or the chest wall (neoplasia, costochondral strains, trauma, hyperventilation, or muscular tension).

pain clinic,

n a multidisciplinary association of health care professionals devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute and chronic pain.

pain, deep,

n dull, aching, or boring pain originating in muscles, tendons, and joints. It is poorly localized and tends to radiate.

pain dysfunction syndrome,

n in dentistry, a phrase used to describe a condition in patients who appear to have a psychophysiologic basis for stress overload on the temporomandibular joint. The preferred term is
mandibular stress syndrome.

pain, ghost,

n See odontalgia, phantom.

pain mechanism,

n the network that communicates unpleasant sensations and the perceptions of noxious stimuli throughout the body in association with both physical disease and trauma involving tissue damage.

pain, nerve ending,

n a receptor nerve ending that is relatively primitive and ends in an undifferentiated arborization. The nerve ending for the sensation of pain is a protective mechanism that warns of danger without giving too much information about the specific nature of the danger. The danger stimuli give rise to nociceptive reflexes, or defensive, protective, or withdrawal movements. The nociceptive reflexes supersede other, less urgent, reflexes that are thus inhibited.

pain, projected pathologic,

n pain erroneously perceived to arise in a peripheral region because of a stimulus from end-organs supplying the region (e.g., sciatic pain). Actually the stimulus occurred somewhere along the pain pathway from the nerve to the cortex.

pain, reaction,

n the individual's manifestation of the unpleasant sensation.

pain, referred,

n pain caused by an agent in one area but manifested in another (e.g., pain caused by caries in the maxillary third molar may be referred to the mandible, so the source of pain appears to be in the mandible).

pain stimulus,

n an agent that has the potential to induce pain, whether through chemical, mechanical, or thermal means.

pain, tactile stimuli,

n any of a number of physical sources that may aggravate dentin hypersensitivity, such as dental instruments, toothbrush bristles, ill-fitting oral prostheses, and various personal oral habits a patient may have.

pain, thermal stimuli,

n dentin hypersensitivity related to abrupt changes in temperature of teeth as a result of contact with very cold or very hot foods and liquids, rapid intake of air through the oral cavity, and during professional oral hygiene procedures requiring rapid drying of teeth.

pain threshold,

n the point at which a stimulus causes pain. It varies widely among individuals.

pain, tolerance,

n the maximum pain level an individual is able to withstand.

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Patient discussion about pain and suffering.

Q. I have been suffering from back pain for the past two months. I have tried several treatments. Any ideas? I don't have a history of back pain. I started to experience pain in my shoulders, neck and upper back about two months ago. Prior to the condition I started to work out with a personal trainer, but I felt good for three months, so the doctor and I don't think there is a connection. I tried many types of massages, chiropractic treatment, and Acupunctures. I also went to an orthopedic MD. The doctor prescribed Arxocia for ten days and another round of Arxocia pills . I still have pain in my shoulders and neck. Any ideas what can I do. The doctor says it's nothing serious and that it's called upper back pain and that it will pass with time. Any ideas to ease the pain and treat this?

A. I was at working at a hospital and caught a patient. I had muscle strains and tears. The dr. said that would take 6-8 weeks to heal. After six weeks I still had severe intense pain in neck, shoulders, middle,upper back, and occasional tingling down my right arm. I went to a physical therapist whom tried to help me get through the pain. I was moving along quite nicely, when we decided it was time for me to start lifting weights and getting strenght nack again. My upper back pain sky rocketed! My right arm tinglin got worse, and would turn numb. It then turned blu and purple. I went back to dr. and I ended uo having thoracic outlet syndrome. I had a right rib resection to relieve this. I am 8 weeks post-op and doing great. I am in physical therapy again and have just started lifting weights. My upper back pain and neck pain are very minimal now. I did alot of research on thoracic outlet syndrome. Lots of men get it from body building. The muscles get so tight. you might have it.

Q. i suffer from a really strong lower back pain? how can i ease the pain and treat it correctly?

A. First, take some time, don't do much, take ibuprofen, go on walks and stretch like crazy, three times a day if you can. I stretch at my desk job all the time. Just throw my leg up when I start hurting and stretch the back of my legs. I am a lot more problematic (had a couple of back operations)but that is the basics. Like I have told others. Best way to ultimately tell is by seeing a nurosurgeon or orthopedic and get an MRI. It is spendy but it tells the story. They may say operate but it doesn't mean you have to. They are professionals, find good docs, ask around. Good luck.

Q. I am suffering from tennis elbow for nearly three months. What is the best treatment and exercise? There is very pain and I can not lift any weight even mug to bath. I attended my doctor who advised me Nucoxia 90 (Etoricoxib 90) 1 OD for 14 days and SWD 10 minutes for 6 days at affected right elbow. There was some relief for few days but again the position is same due to which I am unable to do my routine works. At night on sleeping, the arm becomes heavy and painful.

A. As for i have learned that Tennis elbow is the inflamation of the tendons on the lateral side of the elbow. You can take an ice cube and gently massage it for about 10 minutes and repeat the same for 3 times a week. if you approach a physical therapist , that would be useful where they use a modality called ultrasound with some medication. A physical therapist can teach you how to do correct exercise.
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