Tolerance (redirected from oral tolerance)

tolerance /tol·er·ance/ (tol´er-ans)

1. diminution of response to a stimulus after prolonged exposure.

2. the ability to endure unusually large doses of a poison or toxin.

3. drug t.

4. immunologic t.tol´erant

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drug tolerance  decrease in susceptibility to the effects of a drug due to its continued administration.

immunologic tolerance  the development of specific nonreactivity of lymphoid tissues to a particular antigen capable under other conditions of inducing immunity, resulting from previous contact with the antigen and having no effect on the response to non–cross-reacting antigens.

impaired glucose tolerance  (IGT) a term denoting values of fasting plasma glucose or results of an oral glucose tolerance test that are abnormal but not high enough to be diagnostic of diabetes mellitus.

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tol·er·ance (tlr-ns)

n.

1. Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus, especially over a period of continued exposure.

2. The capacity to absorb a drug continuously or in large doses without adverse effect; diminution in the response to a drug after prolonged use.

3. Physiological resistance to a poison.

4. Acceptance of a tissue graft or transplant without immunological rejection.

5. Unresponsiveness to an antigen that normally produces an immunological reaction.

6. The ability of an organism to resist or survive infection by a parasitic or pathogenic organism.

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toler·ant adj.

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Tolerance

A phenomenon whereby a drug user becomes physically accustomed to a particular dose of a substance, and requires increasing dosages in order to obtain the same effects.

Mentioned in: Addiction, Analgesics, Opioid, Substance Abuse and Dependence

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tolerance,

n a gradual decrease in the patient's response to a medicine over time; necessitates increasing the dosage to achieve the same results. See also reactivity and sensitivity.

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tolerance (tol´rns),

n the ability to endure the influence of a drug or poison, particularly acquired by continued use of the substance. See also resistance.

tolerance, acquired,

n tolerance that develops with successive doses of a drug. If it develops within a short span of time, such as 24 hours, it is called
tachyphylaxis. Slowly acquired tolerance is sometimes called
mithridatism.

tolerance, carbohydrate,

n the ability of the body to use carbohydrates. A decrease in tolerance is seen in diabetes mellitus, liver damage, and some infections and in the presence of hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex or pituitary gland.

tolerance, cross,

n tolerance to a number of drugs of similar mode of action or chemical structure.

tolerance, individual,

n tolerance characteristic of an individual.

tolerance, pseudo-,

n a state of apparent tolerance indicated due to failure of the drug to reach its usual receptor sites.

tolerance, species,

n tolerance characteristic of a species of animal.

tolerance, tissue,

n the ability of structures to endure environmental change without ill effect.

tolerance, upper intake level,

n the specified limit of a given substance that an individual may consume and not suffer detrimental or toxic effects.

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tolerance

the ability to endure without effect or injury.

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drug tolerance

1. decreased susceptibility to the effects of a drug due to its continued administration.

2. the maximum permissible level of a drug in or on animal feed or food at any particular time relative to slaughter.

high-dose tolerance

in immunology, that induced by the intravenous administration of high doses of aqueous proteins.

immunological tolerance

specific nonreactivity of the immune system to a particular antigen, which is capable under other conditions of inducing an immune response. There is, under normal circumstances, tolerance to self-antigens; identical (monozygotic) twins and dizygotic cattle or sheep twins where there has been placental fusion and exchange of bone marrow stem cells are also tolerant of each other's tissues. Allophenic mice, that is mice produced by fusion of blastocysts from different mice are also tolerant of both 'parents'. The administration of antigens either at high or low dose and infection with certain viruses during critical early stages of immunological development may also induce tolerance.

tolerance level

the concentration of a drug or chemical permitted by law to be present in human food.

tolerance limits

the numerical limits within which a previously identified proportion of values of a variable, or observations in a population, can be expected to occur.

low-dose tolerance

that induced by repeated administration of low doses of the antigen.

oral tolerance

that induced by oral administration of the antigen.

self-tolerance

the non-reactivity of the immune system to self-antigens.

tolerance test

see tolerance test.

zero tolerance

when no detectable amount of a chemical substance is permitted in human food.

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tolerance Immunology Immune unresponsiveness to an antigenic challenge. See Immune tolerance, Self-tolerance Pharmacology An ↑ in dose of a drug required to achieve the same effect in a particular Pt, which is a function of ↑ metabolism–eg, by hypertrophy of the endoplasmic reticulum or ↑ expulsion of the drug from a cell–eg, amplification of the multidrug resistant gene by malignant cells. See Oral tolerance, MDR Psychiatry Resistance to the effects of a sedative Substance abuse 1. A state caused by regular use of opioids, where an increased dose is needed to produce the desired effect; tolerance may be a predictable sequelae of opioid use and does not imply addiction. See Drug tolerance, Physical dependence 2. The ability to 'hold liquor'–consume alcohol without overt signs of inebriation Vox populi A general term for a person's general 'mellowness,' which encompasses the ability to cope with stress, acceptance of others, complete with bumps and flaws, and other facets of social intelligence