ophthalmia /oph·thal·mia/ (of-thal´me-ah) severe inflammation of the eye.
Ophthalmia
ophthalmia
Egyptian ophthalmia trachoma.
gonorrheal ophthalmia gonorrheal conjunctivitis.
ophthalmia neonato´rum any hyperacute purulent conjunctivitis occurring during the first 10 days of life, usually contracted during birth from infected vaginal discharge of the mother.
phlyctenular ophthalmia see under keratoconjunctivitis.
purulent ophthalmia a form with a purulent discharge, commonly due to gonorrheal infection.
sympathetic ophthalmia granulomatous inflammation of the uveal tract of the uninjured eye following a wound involving the uveal tract of the other eye, resulting in bilateral granulomatous inflammation of the entire uveal tract.
oph·thal·mi·a ( f-th l m - , p-)n. 1. Severe, often purulent conjunctivitis. 2. Inflammation of the deep eye structures. Also called ophthalmitis. |
Ophthalmia
Inflammation of the eye. Usually severe and affecting the conjunctiva. Trachoma is sometimes called Egyptian ophthalmia.
Mentioned in: Trachoma
ophthalmia
[ofthal′mē·ə]
Etymology: Gk, ophthalmos, eye
severe inflammation of the conjunctiva or the deeper parts of the eye. Some kinds of ophthalmia are ophthalmia neonatorum, sympathetic ophthalmia, and trachoma.
ophthalmia
severe inflammation of the eye or of the conjunctiva or deeper structures of the eye.
albinistic ophthalmia
occurs in the pseudo-albinistic fry of the Atlantic salmon; results from the bilateral exophthalmia which is inherited in the species.
contagious ophthalmia
a disease of sheep and goats caused by rickettsia (Colesiota) conjunctivae. Characterized by lacrimation, blepharospasm, keratitis and corneal opacity.
ophthalmia neonatorum
a purulent conjunctivitis occurring during the first 10 days of life, before the eyelids separate in puppies and kittens. In kittens usually caused by feline herpesvirus (rhinotracheitis).
periodic ophthalmia
a disease of horses with a causal relationship to infection wtih Leptospira spp. and possibly Onchocerca cervicalis. Manifested by recurrent attacks of photophobia, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, keratitis, hypopyon and iridocyclitis. Usually terminates in blindness.
sympathetic ophthalmia
inflammation of the uveal tract of the originally unaffected eye following a wound or disease involving the uveal tract or lens of the other eye.
ophthalmia
Severe inflammation of the eye, especially, but not exclusively, one involving the conjunctiva. See conjunctivitis.
ophthalmia neonatorum An acute conjunctivitis that occurs in the first month of life as a result of infection acquired in the birth canal. The most common causes are Chlamydia trachomatis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus and herpes simplex virus. The eyelids are swollen and stuck together by purulent discharge. If the cause is gonococcal, loss of the eye is a real and immediate threat. A gonococcal infection develops within 2-4 days after birth, whereas a chlamydial infection normally appears 5-14 days after birth. Differential diagnosis is facilitated by laboratory tests (e.g. Gram staining of conjunctival scrapings). Management depends on the cause: systemic erythromycin and topical tetracycline for chlamydial infection, ceftriaxone or cefotaxime for gonococcal infection, and eye irrigation with saline solution. Syn. blennorrhoea neonatorum; gonococcal ophthalmia; neonatal conjunctivitis. See acute conjunctivitis; adult inclusion conjunctivitis.
sympathetic ophthalmia A rare, bilateral granulomatous inflammation of the uveal tract that usually follows perforation of one eye due to trauma, or more rarely intraocular surgery. The inflammation occurs first in the injured eye (called the exciting eye) and follows in the other eye (called the sympathetic eye). It usually occurs within 2 to 12 weeks, although some cases may appear later. The condition is believed to be a T-lymphocyte-mediated delayed hypersensitivity. Treatment usually involves enucleation of the exciting eye and high doses of systemic and topical corticosteroids in the sympathetic eye. Syn. sympathetic ophthalmitis. See enucleation; immunosuppressants; uveitis.
ophthalmia neonatorum An acute conjunctivitis that occurs in the first month of life as a result of infection acquired in the birth canal. The most common causes are Chlamydia trachomatis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus and herpes simplex virus. The eyelids are swollen and stuck together by purulent discharge. If the cause is gonococcal, loss of the eye is a real and immediate threat. A gonococcal infection develops within 2-4 days after birth, whereas a chlamydial infection normally appears 5-14 days after birth. Differential diagnosis is facilitated by laboratory tests (e.g. Gram staining of conjunctival scrapings). Management depends on the cause: systemic erythromycin and topical tetracycline for chlamydial infection, ceftriaxone or cefotaxime for gonococcal infection, and eye irrigation with saline solution. Syn. blennorrhoea neonatorum; gonococcal ophthalmia; neonatal conjunctivitis. See acute conjunctivitis; adult inclusion conjunctivitis.
sympathetic ophthalmia A rare, bilateral granulomatous inflammation of the uveal tract that usually follows perforation of one eye due to trauma, or more rarely intraocular surgery. The inflammation occurs first in the injured eye (called the exciting eye) and follows in the other eye (called the sympathetic eye). It usually occurs within 2 to 12 weeks, although some cases may appear later. The condition is believed to be a T-lymphocyte-mediated delayed hypersensitivity. Treatment usually involves enucleation of the exciting eye and high doses of systemic and topical corticosteroids in the sympathetic eye. Syn. sympathetic ophthalmitis. See enucleation; immunosuppressants; uveitis.
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