nicotinic acid

nicotinic acid /nic·o·tin·ic ac·id/ (nik″o-tin´ik) niacin.

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nicotinic acid

n.

See niacin.

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nicotinic acid.

See niacin.

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niacin [ni´ah-sin]

a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex (see vitamin), found in various animal and plant tissues, especially liver, yeast, bran, peanuts, lean meats, fish, and poultry. A well balanced diet usually supplies more than the daily requirement. It is required by the body for the synthesis of the coenzymes NAD and NADP, which are required for many oxidation-reduction reactions. Deficiency of niacin produces pellagra, and administration of niacin is used to prevent and treat that condition. It is also used to treat hyperlipidemia. Called also nicotinic acid.

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acid (as´id),

n a chemical substance that, in an aqueous solution, undergoes dissociation with the formation of hydrogen ions; pH levels range from 0 to 6.9. See also pH and acidic. Opposite: base.

acid, acetic,

n the acid of vinegar, sometimes used as a solvent for the removal of calculus from a removable dental prosthesis. See also solvent.

acid, ascorbic,

n See vitamin C.

acid, carbolic,

n See phenol.

acid, cevitamic,

n See vitamin C.

acid conditioning,

n the use of acid (such as phosphoric acid) to prepare the tooth surface for bonding of dental adhesives or enamel sealants.

acid etchant,

n an application of phosphoric acid used to prepare enamel surfaces to aid enamel sealant placement.

acid etching,

n the process of treating the tooth enamel, generally with phosphoric acid, by removal of approximately 40 mm of enamel rod to provide retention for enamel sealant, restorative material, or orthodontic bracket.

acid, folic,

n See vitamin B complex.

acid, hydroxypropionic

n See acid, lactic.

acid, lactic (hydroxypropionic acid),

n a monobasic acid, C₃H₆O₃, formed as an end product in the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates. The accumulation of lactic acid in the tissues is in part responsible for the lowering of pH levels during inflammatory states; that is, the drop in pH level is believed to increase bone loss level.

acid, nicotinic,

n 1. a vitamin of the B complex group and its vitamer, niacinamide, specific for the treatment of pellagra. Niacinamide functions as a constituent of coenzyme I (DPN) and coenzyme II (TPN). Nicotinic acid is found in lean meats, liver, yeast, milk, and leafy green vegetables.
n 2. an acid (C₅H₄N [COOH]) that forms part of the B complex group of vitamins. It acts as a cofactor in intermediary carbohydrate metabolism. It is a constituent of certain coenzymes that function in oxidative-reductive metabolic systems. With niacinamide, it is a pellagra-preventive factor. Also called
niacin, P.-P. factor, pyridine 3-carboxylic acid, vitamin P.-P.

acid, orthophosphoric

n See acid, phosphoric.

acid, pantothenic

n a vitamin of the B complex group, the importance of which has not been established. It is a constituent of coenzyme A.

acid phosphatase,

n an enzyme found in the kidneys, serum, semen, and prostate gland. It is elevated in serum blood levels in individuals with prostate cancer and in individuals who have recently experienced trauma.

acid, phosphoric (HPO, orthophosphoric acid),

n the principal ingredient of silicate and zinc phosphate cement liquids.

acid, pteroylglutamic,

n See vitamin B complex.

acid salt,

n a salt containing one or more replaceable hydrogen ions.

acid, strong,

n an acid that is completely ionized in aqueous solution.

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nicotinic

pertaining to the transmission of nerve impulses mediated by nicotinic receptors.

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nicotinic acid

see niacin.

nicotinic receptors

cholinergic receptors of autonomic ganglion cells and motor end-plates of skeletal muscle that are stimulated by low doses of nicotine and blockaded by high doses or by tubocurarine.

nicotinic synapses

synapses in which nicotinic transmitters effect the transmission of impulses.