Neuropathy

neuropathy /neu·rop·a·thy/ (ndbobr-rop´ah-the) a functional disturbance or pathological change in the peripheral nervous system, sometimes limited to noninflammatory lesions as opposed to those of neuritis.

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angiopathic neuropathy  that caused by arteritis of the blood vessels supplying the nerves, usually a systemic complication of disease.

axonal neuropathy  axonopathy.

diabetic neuropathy  any of several clinical types of peripheral neuropathy (sensory, motor, autonomic, and mixed) occurring with diabetes mellitus; the most common is a chronic, symmetrical sensory polyneuropathy affecting first the nerves of the lower limbs and often affecting autonomic nerves.

entrapment neuropathy  any of a group of neuropathies, e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome, due to mechanical pressure on a peripheral nerve.

hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy  (HMSN) any of a group of hereditary polyneuropathies involving muscle weakness, atrophy, sensory deficits, and vasomotor changes in the lower limbs.

hereditary optic neuropathy  Leber's hereditary optic n.

hereditary sensory neuropathy  hereditary sensory radicular n.

hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy  (HSAN) any of several inherited neuropathies that involve slow ascendance of lesions of the sensory nerves, resulting in pain, distal trophic ulcers, and autonomic disturbances.

hereditary sensory radicular neuropathy  an inherited polyneuropathy characterized by signs of radicular sensory loss in the limbs, shooting pains, chronic trophic ulceration of the feet, and sometimes deafness.

ischemic neuropathy  an injury to a peripheral nerve caused by a reduction in blood supply.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy  an inherited disorder of ATP manufacture, usually in males, usually as bilateral progressive optic atrophy and loss of central vision that may remit spontaneously.

multiple neuropathy 

1. polyneuropathy.

2. multiple mononeuropathy.

peripheral neuropathy  polyneuropathy.

pressure neuropathy  entrapment n.

progressive hypertrophic neuropathy  a slowly progressive familial disease beginning in early life, marked by hyperplasia of interstitial connective tissue causing thickening of peripheral nerve trunks and posterior roots, and by sclerosis of the posterior columns of the spinal cord.

sarcoid neuropathy  a polyneuropathy sometimes seen in sarcoidosis, characterized by either cranial polyneuritis or spinal nerve deficits.

tomaculous neuropathy  an inherited neuropathy characterized by pain, weakness, and pressure palsy in the arms and hands, with swelling of the myelin sheaths.

toxic neuropathy  that due to ingestion of a toxin.

vasculitic neuropathy  angiopathic n.

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neu·rop·a·thy (n-rp-th)

n.

A disease or abnormality of the nervous system, especially one affecting the cranial or spinal nerves.

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neuro·pathic (nr-pthk) adj.

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Neuropathy

A condition affecting the nerves supplying the arms and legs. Typically, the feet and hands are involved first. If sensory nerves are involved, numbness, tingling, and pain are prominent, and if motor nerves are involved, the patient experiences weakness.

Mentioned in: Adrenoleukodystrophy, Alcohol-Related Neurologic Disease, Charcot Marie Tooth Disease, Diabetic Foot Infections, Electrical Stimulation of the Brain, Optic Atrophy, Pain Management, Porphyrias

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neuropathy (ner·ˑ·p·thē),

n often painful change in sensation involving the peripheral nerves.

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neuropathy,

n an abnormal condition characterized by inflammation and degeneration of peripheral nerves.

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neuropathy

a general term denoting functional disturbances and pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system. The etiology may be known (e.g. poidoning by arsenicals, ischemic or traumatic neuropathy) or unknown. Encephalopathy and myelopathy are corresponding terms relating to involvement of the brain and spinal cord, respectively. The term is also used to designate noninflammatory lesions in the peripheral nervous system, in contrast to inflammatory lesions (neuritis).

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central peripheral neuropathy

see Boxer progressive axonopathy.

diabetic neuropathy

a chronic symmetrical sensory polyneuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus in humans, which occurs uncommonly in dogs and cats.

entrapment neuropathy

a neuropathy due to mechanical pressure on a peripheral nerve.

giant axonal neuropathy

a familial disease of German shepherd dogs, characterized by ataxia, hypotonia, reduced pain sensation, and loss of reflexes and proprioception in the hindlegs, which develops from a young age. Vomiting, associated with esophageal dilatation, also occurs.

hereditary neuropathy

recorded in Tibetan mastiff as an inherited defect in myelin production. Weakness, loss of reflexes and quadriplegia develop quickly and at an early age.

hereditary sensory neuropathy

an inherited abnormality in which affected dogs have impaired perception of pain in the feet and lower limbs from a young age; causes extensive self-mutilation of toes and footpads. It occurs in German shorthaired pointers, English pointers and English springer spaniels. Called also acral mutilation syndrome.

infiltrative splanchnic neuropathy

see macaw wasting disease.

progressive neuropathy

disease of young Cairn terriers with many similarities to globoid cell leukodystrophy. Affected dogs show quadriparesis, ataxia and head tremors.

retrobulbar neuropathy

see dryopteris.

trigeminal neuropathy

see mandibular neurapraxia.