neural crest cells (n
r´
l),
r´l),n the band of specialized cells from the neuroectoderm that lies along the outer surface of each side of the neural tube in the early stages of embryonic development. The cells migrate laterally throughout the embryo and give rise to certain spinal, cranial, and sympathetic ganglia. They also influence the ectomesenchyme to form dental tissues.
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Neural crest.
neural
pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves.
neural crest cells
a group of neuroepithelial cells which condenses dorsal to the neural tube in the embryo; they subsequently migrate and set up dorsal root ganglia, the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system, and the pigment cells of the integument (melanocytes).
neural folds
in the embryo, the sides of the invaginated neural plate that meet and fuse over the neural groove to form the neural tube.
neural groove
the longitudinal furrow in the neural plate of the embryo.
neural lymphomatosis
see marek's disease.
neural plate
the thickened ectoderm dorsal to the notochord in the embryo that gives rise to the neural tube.
neural retina
separated from the outer layer of the optic retina by the intraretinal space; constitutes the pars optica retinae, with its neuroepithelial layer (contains rods and cones—the receptor cells), bipolar ganglion layer, multipolar ganglion layer, and a layer of axons of the latter layer. Light must pass through the latter three layers before reaching the receptor cells.
neural substrates
functional units of the central nervous system, often composed of a series of structural units which may be widely separated anatomically but which interact to support or drive complex nervous system functions, such as hunger and sleepiness. They are the counterparts of simple centers, e.g. the respiratory center, which control simple physiological mechanisms.
neural tropic influence
the tropic influence of nerves on, for example, muscle, demonstrated by the atrophy of muscle when it is denervated.
neural tube
the precursor of the central nervous system in the embryo, formed by invagination and fusion of the neural plate.
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