nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

diabetes /di·a·be·tes/ (di″ah-be´tēz) any disorder characterized by excessive urine excretion. When used alone, the term refers to diabetes mellitus.

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adult-onset diabetes mellitus  type 2 d. mellitus.

brittle diabetes  type 1 diabetes mellitus characterized by wide, unpredictable fluctuations of blood glucose values and difficult to control.

bronze diabetes , bronzed diabetes hemochromatosis.

central diabetes insipidus  diabetes insipidus due to injury of the neurohypophyseal system, with a deficient quantity of antidiuretic hormone being released or produced, causing failure of renal tubular reabsorption of water.

gestational diabetes , gestational diabetes mellitus that with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.

growth-onset diabetes mellitus  type 1 d. mellitus.

diabetes insi´pidus  any of several types of polyuria in which the volume of urine exceeds 3 liters per day, causing dehydration and great thirst, as well as sometimes emaciation and great hunger.

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus  (IDD) (IDDM) type 1 d. mellitus.

juvenile diabetes mellitus , juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus type 1 d. mellitus.

ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus  type 1 d. mellitus.

maturity-onset diabetes mellitus  type 2 d. mellitus.

diabetes mel´litus  (DM) a chronic syndrome of impaired carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism owing to insufficient secretion of insulin or to target tissue insulin resistance. It occurs in two major forms: type 1 d. mellitus and type 2 d. mellitus, which differ in etiology, pathology, genetics, age of onset, and treatment.

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus  inherited or acquired diabetes insipidus caused by failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb water in response to antidiuretic hormone, without disturbance in the renal filtration and solute excretion rates.

non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus  (NIDD) (NIDDM) type 2 d. mellitus.

preclinical diabetes  former name for impaired glucose tolerance.

renal diabetes  see under glycosuria.

subclinical diabetes  former name for impaired glucose tolerance.

Type I diabetes mellitus  type 1 d. mellitus.

type 1 diabetes mellitus  one of the two major types of diabetes mellitus, characterized by abrupt onset of symptoms (often in early adolescence), insulinopenia, and dependence on exogenous insulin; it is due to lack of insulin production by the pancreatic beta cells. With inadequate control, hyperglycemia, protein wasting, and ketone body production occur; the hyperglycemia leads to overflow glycosuria, osmotic diuresis, hyperosmolarity, dehydration, and diabetic ketoacidosis, which can progress to nausea and vomiting, stupor, and potentially fatal hyperosmolar coma. The associated angiopathy of blood vessels (particularly microangiopathy) affects the retinas, kidneys, and arteriolar basement membranes. Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, paresthesias, blurred vision, and irritability also occur.

Type II diabetes mellitus  type 2 d. mellitus.

type 2 diabetes mellitus  one of the two major types of diabetes mellitus, peaking in onset between 50 and 60 years of age, characterized by gradual onset with few symptoms of metabolic disturbance (glycosuria and its consequences) and control by diet, with or without oral hypoglycemics but without exogenous insulin required. Basal insulin secretion is maintained at normal or reduced levels, but insulin release in response to a glucose load is delayed or reduced. Defective glucose receptors on the pancreatic beta cells may be involved. It is often accompanied by disease of blood vessels, particularly the large ones, leading to premature atherosclerosis with myocardial infarction or stroke syndrome.

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nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

n.

Diabetes insipidus caused by an inability of the kidney tubules to respond to antidiuretic hormone and reabsorb water.

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nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,

an abnormal condition in which the kidneys do not concentrate the urine, resulting in polyuria, polydipsia, and very dilute urine. The secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary is normal, and all kidney function is normal, except the lack of response to ADH. See also diabetes insipidus.

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diabetes insipidus

a metabolic disorder due to injury of the neurohypophyseal system, which results in a deficient quantity of antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin) being released or produced, resulting in failure of tubular reabsorption of water in the kidney. As a consequence, there is the passage of a large amount of urine having a low specific gravity, and great thirst. It may be acquired through infection, neoplasm or trauma to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland or it may be inherited or idiopathic. Called also central diabetes insipidus.

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dipsogenic diabetes insipidus

see psychogenic diabetes insipidus (below).

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

a rare form of diabetes insipidus, resulting from failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb water; there is excessive production of antidiuretic hormone but the tubules fail to respond to it.

psychogenic diabetes insipidus

a primary polydipsia resulting from a disorder of thirst control, or as a behavioral problem. The polyuria is secondary to the excessive water intake. Called also dipsogenic diabetes insipidus.

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nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Gypsy's curse Nephrology A form of diabetes insipidus characterized by profound hyposmotic polyuria and inability to concentrate urine despite high plasma concentrations of arginine-vasopressin Etiology Congenital–X-R–or acquired–lithium or democlocycline toxicity defect of collecting tubules, resulting in ↓ responsiveness to vasopressin Clinical Dehydration, hypernatremia, and possibly, CNS damage. See Aquaporins, Diabetes insipidus.