neonatal mortality

neonatal mortality,

the statistical rate of infant death during the first 28 days after live birth, expressed as the number of such deaths per 1000 live births in a specific geographic area or institution in a given time.

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neonatal

pertaining to the period immediately after birth; the duration varies between species; in humans refers to the first four weeks of life; in animals the first week seems appropriate. Some neonatal disorders are listed in entries below. Others are listed elsewhere under titles specific to their anatomic location, including hyaline membrane disease, respiratory distress syndrome.

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neonatal cardiac murmur

is observed in foals and most disappear before the fifth day. Persistence after that time may suggest valvular dysfunction. Many congenital murmurs are functional and cause no signs of disease.

neonatal diarrhea

see undifferentiated diarrhea of the newborn.

neonatal distress

see neonatal maladjustment syndrome (below).

neonatal edema

usually caused by obstruction to lymphatic flow by defective development of lymph drainage system.

neonatal hyaline membrane disease

see hyaline membrane disease.

neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

see neonatal jaundice (below).

neonatal hypoglycemia

a metabolic disease of newborn piglets caused by restriction of food intake. Clinical signs include weakness, shivering, hypothermia and terminal convulsions.

neonatal isoerythrolysis

see alloimmune hemolytic anemia of the newborn.

neonatal isoimmune purpura

see neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura (below).

neonatal jaundice

is an important clinical sign in foals because of the possibility of alloimmune hemolytic anemia. Some cases of benign, physiological jaundice also occur in foals. There is jaundice but no other clinical or pathological abnormality. Called also neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

neonatal maladjustment syndrome

a disease of newborn thoroughbred foals caused by premature severance of the umbilical cord in assisted foalings and by hypoxia due to other causes. The foals may be normal for some hours after birth. Clinical signs include aimless wandering, apparent blindness, and convulsions including a sound like a dog barking. Called also barkers and wanderers.

neonatal mortality

death in the neonatal group.

neonatal neoplasm

occurs rarely. Lymphosarcoma, benign and malignant melanoma and myeloid leukosis are recorded. Sporadic bovine leukosis, manifested by many subcutaneous tumors, is the most common form of the disease.

neonatal ophthalmia

see ophthalmia neonatorum.

neonatal septicemia

many bacteria, which are not widely invasive in older animals, can cause septicemia in neonates because of their immunological immaturity; common examples are Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., streptococci, e.g. S. suis.

neonatal spasticity

an inherited disease of calves which are normal at birth but soon develop a susceptibility to tetanic convulsions when stimulated. See also neuraxial edema.

neonatal streptococcal infection

occurs in all species, but is especially important in piglets and foals. Bacteremia and septicemia may result in the animal's death or the development of arthritis, endocarditis, meningitis or ophthalmitis. Causative bacteria are: foals—Streptococcus zooepidemicus (S. pyogenes equi); piglets—S. suis types 1 and 2, S. equisimilis; calves—S. pyogenes; lambs—S. faecalis and group C streptococci.

neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura

a severe bleeding disease in piglets a few days old which have drunk colostrum containing antiplatelet antibody from their alloimmune dam.

neonatal vigor

amount of physical activity displayed by the newborn animal; an indication of the potential viability of the patient.