nasal sinus

nasal sinus,

any one of the numerous cavities in various bones of the skull, lined with ciliated mucous membrane continuous with that of the nasal cavity. The membrane is very sensitive; easily irritated, it may cause swelling that blocks the sinuses. The nasal sinuses are divided into frontal sinuses, ethmoidal air cells, sphenoidal sinuses, and maxillary sinus.

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nasal

pertaining to the nose.

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nasal acariasis

characterized by mild nasal discharge and hyperemia, occasionally severe rhinitis. See also pneumonyssuscaninum.

nasal actinobacillosis

a chronic granulomatous lesion in the nasal cavity of the sheep, causing nasal obstruction and discharge, usually unilaterally.

nasal amyloidosis

in horses analogous to AL-amyloidosis in humans; can occur independently of a generalized disease, affecting nasal vestibule and anterior septum and turbinates, with sufficient nodular or diffuse deposits to obstruct the nasal passage.

nasal areae, nasal plane

the polygonal, raised, epidermal markings on the skin of the nasolabial plane of the dog. The pattern of marking is individual to each dog and can be used for identification, similar to the use of fingerprints in humans.

nasal bot fly

infestation causes sneezing and constant nasal discharge. The presence of the flies in the flock causes some insect worry. See also oestrusovis.

nasal breath

flow of the breath from the nostrils as distinct from the breath from the mouth.

nasal breath volume

as determined by holding the palms of the hands in front of the nostrils; diminution or cessation of flow are readily appreciated.

nasal catarrh

chronic nasal discharge without obvious physical cause. A specific problem of unknown etiology in rabbits, although Bordetella bronchiseptica is thought to be implicated. Manifested by sneezing, constant nasal and ocular discharge and matting of the fur on the insides of the forelimbs. Called also snuffles.

nasal cavity erectile tissue

erectile tissue present only in some patients; usually collapsed.

nasal cavity hemorrhage

see epistaxis.

nasal cavity obstruction

by mucosal inflammation, foreign body, neoplasm; detected by assessing the nasal breath flow.

nasal cavity olfactory region

located on ethmoturbinates, turbinates and nasal septum; covered by olfactory epithelium including sustentacular, basal and olfactory cells.

nasal cavity respiratory region

covers most of the cavities; covered by respiratory epithelium containing many, mainly serous, glands and carrying cilia.

nasal cavity-sinuses

see paranasal sinuses.

nasal cavity vestibular region

place of transition from skin to respiratory epithelium.

nasal conchae

see Table 10.

nasal cycling

reciprocal change in degree of congestion between nostrils; when the mucosa of one nasal cavity becomes congested the mucosal congestion of the opposite nasal cavity diminishes.

nasal deviation

1. occurs as a congenital deviation of the maxilla and nasal septum and leads to malocclusion of the maxillary teeth.

2. in older animals can result from paranasal sinus cysts or sinonasal neoplasia.

Nasal deviation in a horse. By permission from Knottenbelt DC, Pascoe RR, Diseases and Disorders of the Horse, Saunders, 2003

nasal discharge

may be unilateral or bilateral, serous, purulent, hemorrhagic, or contain food material.

nasal diverticulum

see nasal diverticulum.

encapsulated nasal hematoma

persistent because of its size; blood is accumulated under respiratory mucosa so as to resemble a polyp. Like a polyp the hematoma obstructs the flow of breath through the nasal cavity.

enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma

of sheep and cattle may occur at a sufficiently high incidence to suggest an infectious cause. Usually unilateral in front of the ethmoid bone.

nasal fold

see facial fold1.

nasal foreign bodies

take the form of grass seeds or sticks poked up while the animal is scratching its muzzle in allergic rhinitis, especially in cattle. Cause sneezing, nasal discharge, inspiratory dyspnea, snoring noise and rubbing of the nose. Foreign bodies may be viewable or palpable.

nasal fossa

see nasal fossa.

nasal fundus

the caudal part of the nasal cavity, close to the ethmoid bone.

nasal granuloma

see enzootic nasal granuloma, mycotic nasal granuloma, schistosomanasalis.

nasal hematoma

cause unilateral nasal obstruction; are usually the result of foreign body injury, rarely due to inept passage of a nasal tube or endoscope.

nasal hemorrhage

see epistaxis. Called also rhinorrhagia, nose bleed.

nasal meatus

see nasal cavity.

nasal mites

see nasal acariasis (above).

nasal mucosal inflammation

see rhinitis.

nasal obstruction

causes respiratory stertor, mouth breathing, and small airstreams from the nostrils. It may be caused by a palpable foreign body.

nasal odor

smell of the nasal breath; may be necrotic, smell of ketones.

nasal passage

see nasal cavity.

nasal plane

see nasal plane.

nasal polyp

see nasal polyp.

progressive nasal hematoma

see progressive nasal hematoma.

nasal schistosomiasis

infection with the blood fluke schistosoma, which is largely asymptomatic but can cause dyspnea, snoring and profuse nasal discharge.

nasal septum

a vertical plate of bone and cartilage covered with mucous membrane that divides the cavity of the nose. See also septum.

nasal sinus

see paranasal sinus.

nasal swab

cotton swab on a stick, passed up the nostril to obtain a sample of exudate and epithelial debris for microbiological or cellular examination.

nasal tube

see nasogastric tube.

nasal turbinates

see nasal conchae (above) and Table 10.

nasal vestibule

the part of the nasal cavity just inside the nostrils that is lined with skin.

nasal wash

flushing of the nasal cavity, usually with sterile saline, to recover cells or infectious agents for cytology or culture.

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sinus

1. a recess, cavity, or channel, as (a) one in bone or (b) a dilated, valveless channel for venous blood.

2. an abnormal channel or fistula, permitting escape of pus. In common, unqualified usage, the word sinus refers to any of the cavities in the skull that are connected with the nasal cavity—the paranasal sinuses.

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anal s's

furrows, with pouchlike recesses at their distal ends, separating the rectal columns; called also anal crypts.

basilar sinus

a dural venous sinus which runs on the floor of the cranial cavity and out through the foramen magnum.

cavernous sinus

an irregularly shaped venous channel between the layers of dura mater of the brain, one on either side of the body of the sphenoid bone and communicating across the midline. Several cranial nerves and, when present, the rete mirabile, course through this sinus.

cavernous sinus syndrome

lesions of the cavernous syndrome, caused by neoplasia or infectious agents, result in a dilated pupil and paralysis of the globe; vision is usually spared.

cerebral sinus

one of the ventricles of the brain.

cervical sinus

a temporary depression in the neck of the embryo containing the branchial arches.

circular sinus

the venous channel encircling the pituitary gland, formed by the two cavernous sinuses and the anterior and posterior intercavernous sinuses.

conchal sinus

cavity of the conchal bone.

coronary sinus

the terminal portion of the great cardiac vein, which lies in the cardiac sulcus between the left atrium and ventricle, and empties into the right atrium.

dermoid sinus, dermal sinus

see dermoid sinus.

dorsal sagittal sinus

a large dural venous sinus located within the falx cerebri.

dura mater venous sinus

large channels for venous blood forming an anastomosing system between the layers of the dura mater of the brain.

ethmoidal sinus

that paranasal sinus consisting of the ethmoidal cells collectively, and communicating with the nasal meatuses.

facial sinus

see malar abscess.

frontal sinus

one of the paired paranasal sinuses in the frontal bone, each communicating with the middle meatus of the ipsilateral nasal cavity.

hair sinus

see sinus hair.

infraorbital sinus

an air-filled recess in the head of birds which lies lateral to the nasal cavity into which it opens.

intercavernous sinus

channels connecting the two cavernous sinuses, one passing anterior and the other posterior to the stalk of the pituitary gland.

interdigitalis sinus

the cutaneous pouch, which lies between the claws of sheep and some other ruminants and whose wall contains apocrine glands, and whose duct surfaces on the skin just above the coronets; it serves as a trail gland.

lymphatic sinus

irregular, tortuous spaces within lymphoid tissues through which lymph flows.

maxillary sinus

one of the paired paranasal sinuses in the body of the maxilla on either side, opening into the middle meatus of the ipsilateral nasal cavity. In the horse it is divided into two compartments that communicate independently with the nasal chambers. All other sinuses of the horse communicate with the nasal chambers via the caudal maxillary sinus.

nasal sinus

see paranasal sinuses (below).

sinus nerve

a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve; carries the afferent fibers of the stretch receptors in the wall of the carotid sinus.

sinus node

see sinoatrial node.

occipital sinus

a venous sinus between the layers of dura mater, passing along the midline of the cerebellum.

paranasal s's

mucosa-lined air cavities in bones of the skull, communicating with the nasal cavity and including ethmoidal, frontal, maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses.

petrosal sinus (inferior)

a venous channel arising from the cavernous sinus and draining into the internal jugular vein.

petrosal sinus (superior)

one arising from the cavernous sinus and draining into the transverse sinus of the dura mater.

prostatic sinus

the dorsolateral recess between the seminal colliculus and the wall of the urethra.

pulmonary trunk sinus

spaces between the wall of the pulmonary trunk and cusps of the pulmonary valve at its opening from the right ventricle.

red pulp sinus

vascular storage in the spleen into which capillaries empty.

sinus reflex arc

afferent fibers are in the sinus nerve; these connect with the cardioinhibitory and vasomotor centers which control blood pressure and heart rate via sympathetic fibers to blood vessels; provides a route for the sinus reflex which relates pressure in the carotid sinus to the performance of the circulatory system.

renal sinus

a recess in the substance of the kidney, occupied by the renal pelvis, calices, vessels, nerves and fat.

sagittal sinus (inferior)

a small venous sinus of the dura mater of large animals found between the cerebral hemispheres and opening into the straight sinus.

sagittal sinus (superior)

a venous sinus of the dura mater that courses between the cerebral hemispheres and ends in the confluence of sinuses.

scleral venous sinus

see schlemm's canal.

sigmoid sinus

a venous sinus of the dura mater on either side, continuous with the straight sinus and draining into the internal jugular vein of the same side.

sphenoidal sinus

one of the paired paranasal sinuses in the body of the sphenoid bone of some species. In the horse it communicates with the nasal cavity via the frontal and caudal maxillary sinuses.

sphenoparietal sinus

one of the venous sinuses of the dura mater, emptying into the cavernous sinus.

splenic sinus

dilated venous channels in the substance of the spleen. See also red pulp sinus (above).

straight sinus

a venous sinus of the dura mater formed by junction of the great cerebral vein and inferior sagittal sinus, and ending in the confluence of sinuses.

tarsal sinus

a space between the calcaneus and talus.

tentorial sinus

straight sinus.

transverse dura mater sinus

a large venous sinus that runs in the attached border of the cerebellar tentorium on either side of the skull.

transverse pericardial sinus

a passage within the pericardial sac, between the aorta and pulmonary trunk cranioventrally, and the left atrium and cranial vena cava dorsally.

tympanic sinus

a deep recess on the medial wall of the middle ear.

urachal sinus

an anomalous closure of the urachal canal in the newborn in which the opening at the umbilicus remains open. The bladder is normal. It is the cause of persistent infection and swelling at the umbilicus in the young animal and may lead to cystitis and pyelonephritis.

urethral s

a small cavity in the glans penis of the horse, above the urethral process; as a recess of the fossa glandis it is usually filled with a small mass (bean) of inspissated smegma.

urogenital sinus

an elongated sac formed by division of the cloaca in the early embryo, which ultimately forms most of the vestibule, urethra and vagina in the female, and some of the urethra in the male.

uterine sinus

venous channels in the wall of the uterus in pregnancy.

uteroplacental sinus

blood spaces between the placenta and uterine sinuses.

venae caval sinus

the posterior portion of the right atrium into which the inferior and the superior vena cava open.

sinus venarum

a chamber which is the greater part of the right atrium into which the great veins discharge.

venous sinus, sinus venosus

1. the common venous receptacle in the heart of the early embryo that receives blood from the umbilical and vitelline veins and from the body via the ducts of Cuvier.

2. sinus of venae cavae.

vertebral sinus

a continuation of part of the common occipital vein in birds; it emerges from the foramen magnum and accompanies the vertebral vein.

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Patient discussion about nasal sinus.

Q. sinus infection and Polups and I can't breath through my nose. What can I do?

A. You could also try to rub a little bit of vicks on your chest, throat, and a very small amount on you upper lip.