mixed infection

mixed infection,

an infection by several microorganisms, as in some abscesses, pneumonia, and infections of wounds. Numerous combinations of bacteria, viruses, and fungi may be involved. Compare endogenous infection, germinal infection, retrograde infection, secondary infection.

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infection

1. invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, especially that causing local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication or antigen-antibody response.

2. an infectious disease.

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acute infection

short duration, of the order of several days.

airborne infection

infection by inhalation of organisms suspended in air on water droplets or dust particles.

arrested infection

restrained in its development by a capsule or adhesion but still containing infective material.

chronic infection

long duration, of the order of weeks or months.

infection control

the utilization of procedures and techniques in the surveillance, investigation and compilation of statistical data in order to reduce the spread of infection, particularly nosocomial infections.

cross infection

infection transmitted between patients infected with different pathogenic microorganisms.

droplet infection

infection due to inhalation of respiratory pathogens suspended on liquid particles exhaled by an animal that is already infected.

dustborne infection

infection by inhalation of pathogens that have become affixed to particles of dust.

endogenous infection

that due to reactivation of organisms present in a dormant focus, as occurs in tuberculosis, etc.

exogenous infection

that caused by organisms not normally present in the body but which have gained entrance from the environment.

general infection

see systemic infection (below).

latent infection

the animal is infected but there are no clinical signs nor infectious agent detectable in discharges.

local infection

has a common syndrome of varying degree, depending on the site and acuteness of the lesion and the type of microorganisms present, including fever, toxemia and leukocytosis with a left shift. The specific individual signs relate to the location of the lesion and the pressure it exerts on nearby organs. See also abscess, cellulitis, phlegmon, osteomyelitis, omphalophlebitis, empyema, adenitis, metritis, mastitis, periphlebitis.

masked infection

an infection is known to occur but the infectious agent cannot be demonstrated, e.g. the sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever virus.

mixed infection

infection with more than one kind of organism at the same time.

nosocomial infection

pertaining to or acquired in hospital.

opportunistic infection

infection with organisms which are normally harmless but become pathogenic when the body's defense mechanisms are compromised.

patent infection

one in which the infectious agent can be demonstrated in discharges of the patient.

persistent infection

a characteristic of some viruses, particularly herpesviruses and lentiviruses, in which there may be long-lasting or life-long latent infections, with asymptomatic periods and recurring acute episodes of clinical disease (herpesviruses) or onset of severe clinical disease (lentiviruses).

pyogenic infection

infection by pus-producing organisms.

secondary infection

infection by a pathogen following an infection by a pathogen of another kind.

infection stones

see struvite urolith.

subclinical infection

infection associated with no detectable signs but caused by microorganisms capable of producing easily recognizable diseases, such as mastitis or brucellosis; often detected by the production of antibody, or by delayed hypersensitivity exhibited in a skin test reaction to such antigens as tuberculoprotein.

super infection

a second infection occurs in an animal which is already experiencing an infection with another agent.

systemic infection

the infection is widespread throughout the body and must be assumed to be in all organs.

terminal infection

an acute infection occurring near the end of a disease and often causing death.

transmissible infection

an infection capable of being transmitted from one animal to another. Called also contagious.

waterborne infection

infection by microorganisms transmitted in water.

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mixed

1. affecting various parts at the same time.

2. having two or more characteristics.

3. comprising several different ingredients.

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mixed bacterial vaccine

an experimental preparation once investigated as a nonspecific immunostimulant in the treatment of different types of tumors in dogs. It contained Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens.

mixed infection

infection with more than one agent at the same time.

mixed lymphocyte reaction

a test for histocompatibility between donor and recipient; lymphocytes from both are mixed in vitro and the responses quantitated by measuring the uptake of tritium-labeled thymidine (³H-TdR). In the usual assay one of the two populations which will serve as the target is blocked from undergoing blastogenesis by the drug mitomycin. The degree of incompatibility is reflected in the amount of cell division as measured by the uptake of ³H-TdR, incompatibility increasing the uptake of ³H-TdR.

mixed tumor

canine mammary tumors are often mixtures of epithelial, myoepithelial or connective tissues. Mixed tumors also occur in the dog in the thyroid, sweat and salivary glands.