line (līn)
1. a stripe, streak, or narrow ridge.
2. an imaginary line connecting different anatomic landmarks.lin´ear
absorption lines dark lines in the spectrum due to absorption of light by the substance through which the light has passed.
anocutaneous line pectinate l.
Beau's lines transverse furrows on the fingernails, usually a sign of a systemic disease but also due to other causes.
bismuth line a thin blue-black line along the gingival margin in bismuth poisoning.
blood line a line of direct descent through several generations.
cement line a line visible in microscopic examination of bone in cross section, marking the boundary of an osteon (haversian system).
cervical line anatomical designation for the cementoenamel junction, the dividing line between the crown and root portions of a tooth.
cleavage lines linear clefts in the skin indicative of direction of the fibers. 
)
Anterior (A) and posterior (B) views of cleavage lines of the skin.
costoclavicular line parasternal l.
line of Douglas a crescentic line marking the termination of the posterior layer of the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle.
epiphyseal line
1. a plane or plate on a long bone, visible as a line, marking the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis.
2. a strip of lesser density on the radiograph of a long bone, representing that plane or plate.
lines of expression the natural skin lines and creases of the face and neck; the preferred lines of incision in facial and cervical surgery.
gingival line
1. a line determined by the level to which the gingiva extends on a tooth.
2. any linear mark visible on the surface of the gingiva.
gluteal line any of the three rough curved lines (anterior, inferior, and posterior) on the gluteal surface of the ala of the ilium.
Harris lines lines of retarded growth seen radiographically at the epiphyses of long bones.
hot line see under H.
iliopectineal line a ridge on the ilium and pubes showing the brim of the true pelvis.
intertrochanteric line a line running obliquely from the greater to the lesser trochanter on the anterior surface of the femur.
lead line a gray or bluish black line at the gingival margin in lead poisoning.
mammary line see under ridge.
mammillary line an imaginary vertical line passing through the center of the nipple.
median line an imaginary line dividing the body surface equally into right and left sides.
milk line mammary ridge.
mylohyoid line a ridge on the inner surface of the lower jaw from the base of the symphysis to the ascending rami behind the last molar tooth.
nasobasilar line one through the basion and nasion.
Nélaton's line one from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the most prominent part of the tuberosity of the ischium.
nuchal lines three lines (inferior, superior, highest) on the outer surface of the occipital bone; see also external occipital crest.
parasternal line an imaginary line midway between the mammillary line and the border of the sternum.
pectinate line one marking the junction of the zone of the anal canal lined with stratified squamous epithelium and the zone lined with columnar epithelium.
pectineal line
1. a line running down the posterior surface of the shaft of the femur, giving attachment to the pectineus muscle.
2. the anterior border of the superior ramus of the pubis.
semilunar line a curved line along the lateral border of each rectus abdominis muscle, marking the meeting of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles.
Shenton's line a curved line seen in radiographs of the normal hip, formed by the top of the obturator foramen.
sternal line an imaginary vertical line on the anterior body surface, corresponding to the lateral border of the sternum.
subcostal line a transverse line on the surface of the abdomen at the level of the lower edge of the tenth costal cartilage.
Sydney line a palmar crease correlated with an increased risk for leukemia and other malignancies in childhood.
temporal line
1. either of the curved ridges, inferior and superior, on the outside of the parietal bone, continuous with the temporal line of the frontal bone.
2. a ridge extending superiorly and posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the frontal bone. 
)
terminal line of pelvis one on the inner surface of each pelvic bone, from the sacroiliac joint to the iliopubic eminence anteriorly, separating the false from the true pelvis.
trapezoid line a ridge on the inferior surface of the clavicle for attachment of the trapezoid ligament.
Voigt's line a dorsoventral pigmented line of demarcation on the skin along the lateral edge of the biceps muscle; seen in 20 to 26 per cent of blacks and rarely in whites.
| milk line n. See mammary ridge. |
line
1. a stripe, streak, mark, or narrow ridge; often an imaginary line connecting different landmarks. See also linea.
2. conversion of a broad beam of x-rays to a pencil beam.
3. a single consignment of livestock from one farm. Said of a group of cattle or sheep notable for their homogeneity.
absorption l's
dark lines in the spectrum due to absorption of light by the substance through which the light has passed.
line block
a nerve block of local anesthesia produced by infiltrating the anesthetic along a line that the incision is to take.
blue line
lead line (below).
cell line
see cell culture.
cement line
a line visible in microscopic examination of bone in cross section, marking the boundary of an osteon (haversian system).
cervical line
cleavage l's
linear clefts in the skin indicative of direction of the fibers.
line dressing
a system of handling carcasses in an abattoir. The carcasses move along an overhead chain line past a series of stations where the dressing and meat inspection is done.
line focus
utilization of a broad beam of electrons for the generation of x-rays by a rotating anode so that the area of the target on which the electrons fall is spread over a line instead of a point.
gingival line
1. a line determined by the level to which the gingiva extends on a tooth; called also gum line.
2. any linear mark visible on the surface of the gingiva.
gum line
gingival line (1).
iliopectineal line
the ridge on the ilium and pubes showing the brim of the true pelvis.
incremental l's
lines supposedly showing the successive layers deposited in a tissue, as in the tooth enamel.
intertrochanteric line
one running obliquely from the greater to the lesser trochanter.
lead line
a bluish line at the edge of the gums in lead poisoning. Rarely seen in animals.
median line
an imaginary vertical line dividing the body equally into right and left parts.
milk line
1. the line of thickened epithelium in the embryo along which the mammary glands are developed.
2. the metal tube in a milking machine along which the milk, after extraction from the cow, passes to the storage vat.
mylohyoid line
a ridge on the inner surface of the lower jaw from the base of the symphysis to the ascending rami behind the last molar tooth.
pectinate line
one marking the junction of the zone of the anal canal lined with stratified squamous epithelium and the zone lined with columnar epithelium.
physeal line
one on the surface of an adult long bone, marking the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis.
pleural reflection line
line of the junction between costal and diaphragmatic pleurae.
semilunar line
a curved line along the lateral border of each rectus abdominis muscle, marking the meeting of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles.
temporal line
a curved ridge on the external surface of the cranium that marks the origin of the temporal muscle.
terminal line
one on the inner surface of each pelvic bone, from the sacroiliac joint to the iliopubic eminence cranially, separating the false from the true pelvis, and marking the pelvic inlet.
line transects
a technique for estimating the density of a population, e.g. the number of deer per hectare in a gamepark.
visual line
a line from the point of vision of the retina to the object of vision; called also visual axis.
milk
1. a nutrient fluid produced by the mammary gland of many mammals for the nourishment of their young.
2. a liquid (emulsion or suspension) resembling the secretion of the mammary gland.
3. to remove milk from the mammary gland.
absent milk
see agalactia.
acid milk
reported as a cause of death in neonatal puppies and kittens, presumably resulting from bacterial mastitis or metritis which concurrently lowers the pH of the bitch's milk. See also toxic milk (below).
acidophilus milk
milk fermented with cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus; used in gastrointestinal disorders to modify the bacterial flora of the intestinal tract.
African milk bush
milk allergy
see milk allergy.
augmented milk culture system
includes preculture incubation, followed by freezing, then use of a larger inoculum than usual.
blood in milk
see blood in milk.
bulk milk
milk stored on the farm in a bulk tank (or tanks) which are refrigerated stainless steel tanks that can quickly cool milk and hold it cold until it is picked up by a bulk milk tank truck.
milk bush
euphorbiatirucalli.
casein milk
a prepared milk containing very little salts and sugars and a large amount of fat and casein.
milk chickens
very young chickens weighing 0.5 to 1 lb (0.25 to 0.50 kg); birds up to 2 lb (1.0 kg) are accepted. Called also poussins.
milk coagulation
coagulation of milk in the abomasum of the calf, precipitated by rennin, the enzyme produced by the abomasal mucosa, converts the dissolved casein into a rubbery clot. See also chymosin.
condensed milk
milk that has been partly evaporated and sweetened with sugar.
milk cow, milch cow
cow used expressly for the production of milk for human consumption.
days in milk (DIM)
the number of days during a lactation that a cow has been milking, beginning with the last date of calving to the current test date.
milk dentition
the dentition of sucklings, the deciduous teeth.
dialyzed milk
milk from which the sugar has been removed by dialysis through a parchment membrane.
milk drinker's syndrome
metastatic calcification in young animals kept on high milk intakes for long periods.
milk drop syndrome
a sudden and often unexplained fall in milk production in a dairy herd. It can occur when any disease or condition affects a significant proportion of a herd at one time; identified causes include poisoning by Neotyphodium(Acremonium) coeniophialum or Claviceps purpurea, infection with Leptospira hardjo, severe combined nutritional and environmental stress.
milk-ejection reflex
filling of the teat and udder cisterns with milk in response to teat stimulation, the response being effected via a release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary; called also letdown.
evaporated milk
milk prepared by evaporation of half of its water content.
milk fat
see butterfat, milk lipid (below).
milk fat depression
see butterfat.
milk-fed neonate
a neonate still being suckled by the dam or being reared on artificial milk replacer.
milk fever
a metabolic disease of mature dairy cows occurring just before or soon after calving; signs are muscular weakness, peripheral circulatory failure with cool skin, small amplitude pulse, soft heart sounds, recumbency and drowsiness. Definitive clinical pathology is hypocalcemia. The same syndrome occurs in ewes; called also moss-ill.
milk flake
fine, flat sheets of fibrin as part of the inflammatory process in the cow's udder, especially in cases of coliform mastitis.
milk flow sensor
a sensor fitted in the long milk tube from the cluster to the milk line which is sensitive to the rate of flow; designed to trigger the automatic removal of the cluster when the rate of flow of milk in the milk tube falls below a predetermined level.
fortified milk
milk made more nutritious by addition of cream, egg white or vitamins.
milk harvesting
the process of producing, extracting and storing milk on the farm.
homogenized milk
milk treated so that the fats form a permanent emulsion and the cream does not separate.
milk impacts
drops of milk from other teat cups propelled vigorously against the teat ends of susceptible-to-mastitis quarters during, and as a result of teat cup liner slips.
inappropriate production of milk
see galactorrhea.
milk intolerance
deficiency of intestinal lactase which results in diarrhea, abdominal distention and cramping. Occurs most commonly in puppies and kittens.
milk knots
palpable, milk-containing dilations in the lactiferous ducts in the udder, especially of cows.
milk lameness
see milk leg.
milk leakage
teats which drip milk between milkings have defective external sphincters and are susceptible to infection. Also occurs when the udder is very full, e.g. just before calving, or when letdown has occurred prior to milking when the intramammary pressure exceeds the closing forces of the normal teat end sphincter.
milk letdown
see letdown (1).
milk line
the site for future location of mammary glands developing early as a ridge along the ventral abdomen of the embryo.
milk lipid
butter fat globules in the milk; some is synthesized by mammary epithelium, some is secreted unchanged from the bloodstream.
low-fat milk
normal milk but with the normal fat percentage greatly reduced, e.g. to below 50%; usually due to feeding finely ground grain or low-fiber roughage.
milk of magnesia
a suspension containing 7-8.5% of magnesium hydroxide, used as an antacid and laxative.
milk meter
flow meter at each unit in a milking machine designed to measure the yield of milk for each cow at each milking.
milk pasteurization
see pasteurization.
peak milk yield
in cows the period during early lactation when the amount of milk produced per day is higher than at any other time. In bitches and queens, maximum lactation is achieved at 3-4 weeks postpartum.
milk persistency
rate of decline of milk production from the peak. This is in effect the duration of the cow's production of an amount of milk which is worth harvesting; in commercial dairying cows are usually dried off when their daily yield falls to less than 4 liters. In good herds most cows are dried off because they have been in milk for the specified duration.
milk pipeline
a stainless steel or glass pipe used for transporting milk by gravity to storage. May be above the milking units (high line) or below the level of the units (low line).
milk production
1. the secretion of milk by the mammary epithelium.
2. the volume of milk produced, usually quoted for a year or a lactation, sometimes quoted as kg of butterfat or of milk solids produced. Used as the benchmark of productivity of dairy cows.
milk production data
records of volume and components of milk produced by individual cows or the whole herd, either actually measured, or aspirated from periodic samplings.
milk progesterone tests
see pregnancy tests.
milk protein
casein.
protein milk
milk modified to have a relatively low content of carbohydrate and fat and a relatively high protein content.
milk replacer
used as replacement for milk in calf, lamb and piglet diets to permit early weaning and to rear orphans. Milk replacers are manufactured from dried milk products but may contain large amounts of animal fats, nonmilk carbohydrates and proteins. The dried milk powder used may also have been denatured during heat treatment. Poor replacers cause dietary diarrhea. Should contain less than 0.1% plant fiber, 36-40% lactose, 30-40% fat, 28-32% milk protein.
milk replacer malnutrition
malnutrition in calves fed on poorly formulated milk replacer.
milk ring test
is used for surveillance of brucellosis prevalence in dairy cattle. It depends on the presence of agglutinable antibodies in the milk and the agglutination of added stained antigen by antibodies in the milk of positive reacting cows.
milk sample culturing
from cows may be composite of all quarters in one sample or single quarter samples. Samples must be refrigerated until cultured. Culture on sheep blood agar is standard but many special media available for particular purposes.
milk scald
alopecic dermatitis around the muzzle of bucket-fed calves caused by frequent immersion in milk.
milk sickness
the disease of humans caused by the drinking of milk from cows which have been eating eupatoriumrugosum; the milk contains tremetol.
skim milk
see skim milk.
milk solids
combined yield of fat and protein in the milk.
milk spots
1 mm diameter white spots in the capsule of the pig's liver caused by migration of Ascaris suum larvae.
milk stage
the period of plant growth after blooming has finished when the seed is formed but still soft and milky when squeezed.
milk stone
a calcareous deposit which accumulates in milking machinery and utensils over a long period if proper cleaning techniques are not practiced.
milk sugar
lactose.
milk teeth
see milk dentition (above).
milk tetany
see calf hypomagnesemic tetany.
milk thistle
see silybum marianum, sonchus.
toxic milk
bacterial toxins in the dam's milk are believed to be the cause of death in neonatal puppies and kittens.
uterine milk
see uterine milk.
milk veins
subcutaneous abdominal veins of lactating cows. See also Table 15.
milk vetch
see astragalus.
milk vine
see marsdenia rostrata.
milk well
opening through the ventral abdominal wall to permit entry of milk vein.
whole milk
milk as it is drawn from the udder, undiluted, not separated into skim milk, buttermilk, whey. See also whole milk fed.
milk yield
see milk production (above).
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