midline granuloma

granuloma /gran·u·lo·ma/ (gran″u-lo´mah) pl. granulomas, granulo´mata   an imprecise term for (1) any small nodular delimited aggregation of mononuclear inflammatory cells, or (2) such a collection of modified macrophages resembling epithelial cells, usually surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes.

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actinic granuloma  a round lesion with a raised border seen on skin chronically exposed to sunlight.

granuloma annula´re  a benign, self-limited disease consisting of round granulomas of the dermis in groups, with papules or nodules, mainly seen in young girls.

apical granuloma  modified granulation tissue containing elements of chronic inflammation, located adjacent to the root apex of a tooth with infected, necrotic pulp.

coccidioidal granuloma  secondary coccidioidomycosis.

eosinophilic granuloma 

1. Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

2. a disorder similar to eosinophilic gastroenteritis, with localized nodular or pedunculated lesions of the submucosa and muscle walls, especially of the pyloric area of the stomach, caused by infiltration of eosinophils, but without peripheral eosinophilia or allergic symptoms.

3. anisakiasis.

granuloma fissura´tum  a firm, red, fissured, fibrotic granuloma of the gum and buccal mucosa of an edentulous alveolar ridge between the ridge and cheek; caused by an ill-fitting denture.

infectious granuloma  one due to a specific microorganism, as tubercle bacilli.

granuloma inguina´le  a granulomatous venereal disease, usually seen in dark-skinned people, marked by purulent ulceration of the external genitals, caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis.

lethal midline granuloma  a rare lethal necrotizing granuloma that destroys the midface; it is nearly always preceded by longstanding nonspecific inflammation of the nose or nasal sinuses, with purulent, often bloody discharge.

lipoid granuloma  xanthoma.

lipophagic granuloma  granuloma with loss of subcutaneous fat.

midline granuloma  lethal midline g.

paracoccidioidal granuloma  paracoccidioidomycosis.

peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma  giant cell epulis.

pyogenic granuloma  a benign, solitary nodule resembling granulation tissue, found anywhere but often in the mouth, usually at the site of trauma as a tissue response to nonspecific infection.

reticulohistiocytic granuloma  a solitary reticulohistiocytoma that is not associated with systemic involvement.

sarcoid granuloma  the granuloma seen with sarcoidosis.

swimming pool granuloma  one that complicates injuries sustained in swimming pools, attributed to Mycobacterium balnei, often healing spontaneously over time.

trichophytic granuloma  tinea corporis, usually on the lower legs, due to Trichophyton infecting hairs at the site, with raised, circumscribed, boggy granulomas, scattered or in chains; lesions are slowly absorbed, or undergo necrosis, leaving scars.

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granuloma [gran″u-lo´mah] (pl. granulomas, granulo´mata)

an imprecise term applied to (1) any small nodular, delimited aggregation of mononuclear inflammatory cells, or (2) a similar collection of modified macrophages resembling epithelial cells, usually surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes, often with multinucleated giant cells. Some granulomas contain eosinophils and plasma cells, and fibrosis is commonly seen around the lesion. Granuloma formation represents a chronic inflammatory response initiated by various infectious and noninfectious agents.

apical granuloma modified granulation tissue containing elements of chronic inflammation located adjacent to the root apex of a tooth with infected necrotic pulp.

actinic granuloma an annular lesion seen on skin chronically exposed to the sun, with a raised border and a center that appears normal but is actually elastotic.

benign granuloma of thyroid chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland, converting it into a bulky tumor that later becomes extremely hard.

coccidioidal granuloma the secondary stage of coccidioidomycosis.

dental granuloma one usually surrounded by a fibrous sac continuous with the periodontal ligament and attached to the root apex of a tooth.

eosinophilic granuloma

1. Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

2. a disorder similar to eosinophilic gastroenteritis, characterized by localized nodular or pedunculated lesions of the submucosa and muscle walls, especially of the pyloric area of the stomach, caused by infiltration of eosinophils, but without peripheral eosinophilia and allergic symptoms.

granuloma fissura´tum a firm, whitish, fissured, fibrotic granuloma of the gum and buccal mucosa, occurring on an edentulous alveolar ridge and between the ridge and the cheek.

foreign-body granuloma a localized histiocytic reaction to a foreign body in the tissue.

giant cell reparative granuloma, central a lesion of the jaws composed of a spindle cell stroma punctuated by multinucleate giant cells, considered by most to be a central lesion of the bone of the jaws, presenting an inflammatory reaction to injury or hemorrhage. Some, however, consider it to be a giant cell tumor occurring in both benign and malignant forms, and others consider it to be a form of osteogenic sarcoma, varying in degree of malignancy.

granuloma inguina´le a granulomatous disease that is associated with uncleanliness and is caused by the microorganism Calymmatobacterium granulomatis (sometimes called a Donovan body). Called also granuloma venereum. Although granuloma inguinale is often considered to be a venereal disease, research does not support the hypothesis that it is transmitted by sexual contact. It is possible that natural resistance to the disease is high, so that only a few of the persons exposed are affected. About 10 days to 3 months may elapse after exposure until appearance of the first symptoms, usually small painless ulcers that bleed easily. Swelling in the groin may then follow. A new ulcer or ulcers may appear as the old one heals, so that granuloma inguinale may eventually cover the reproductive organs, buttocks, and lower abdomen, with extensive sores and a foul odor. As persons who have the disease seem to develop little immunity to it, granuloma inguinale can be present for many years.

Treatment of the disease may be with streptomycin. tetracyclines, or lincomycin. There is no known preventive for granuloma inguinale, although it is rare where sanitary living conditions prevail. The drainage from lesions may be infectious and handwashing and basic cleanliness are required. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends standard precautions.

lipoid granuloma xanthoma.

lipophagic granuloma a granuloma attended by the loss of subcutaneous fat.

Majocchi's granuloma trichophytic granuloma.

midline granuloma a rare disease of unknown etiology, characterized by granulomatous lesions of the nasal mucosa, sinuses, palate, and pharynx. Massive, progressive, erosive lesions that destroy the involved soft tissue, cartilage, and bone and sometimes extend to the brain are typical. Untreated cases are fatal (lethal midline granuloma).

paracoccidioidal granuloma paracoccidioidomycosis.

peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma giant cell epulis.

pyogenic granuloma a benign, solitary nodule resembling granulation tissue, found anywhere on the body, commonly intraorally, usually at the site of trauma as a response of the tissues to a nonspecific infection.

sarcoid granuloma the granuloma seen with sarcoidosis, consisting of multinucleated giant cells surrounded by macrophages and epithelioid cells derived from macrophages.

swimming pool granuloma a chronic granulomatous bacterial infection caused by contamination of an abrasion sustained in a swimming pool by Mycobacterium marinum, which histologically and clinically resembles tuberculosis. It tends to heal spontaneously within a few months to 2 years.

granuloma telangiecta´ticum a form characterized by numerous dilated blood vessels.

trichophytic granuloma a form of tinea corporis seen mainly on the lower legs, due to infection of hairs by the fungus Trichophyton; characteristics include raised, circumscribed, boggy granulomas that are disseminated or arranged in chains. Lesions are slowly absorbed or undergo necrosis, leaving depressed scars. Called also Majocchi's granuloma.

granuloma tro´picum yaws.

granuloma vene´reum granuloma inguinale.

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midline granuloma

Head & neck Destruction and necrosis of tissues of midline lower neck and upper mediastinal structures Etiology Idiopathic midline destructive disease; malignant midline reticulosis–a pleomorphic, often T-cell, lymphoma; Wegener's granulomatosis; infections–eg, bacterial–Actinomyces, Brucella spp, Mycobacterium leprae, M tuberculosis, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Treponema pallidum, fungal–blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, phycomycosis, rhinosporidiosis, parasitic–leishmaniasis and myiasis; also sarcoidosis, relapsing polychondritis, necrotizing sialometaplasia Clinical Progressive, ulceration of nasopharyngeal and midline facial tissues; pathogenesis is unclear; MG may represent a poor immune response to various infections in an immune- or otherwise compromised Pt–eg, a diabetic or malignant–SCC, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, lymphoma. See Idiopathic midline destructive disease, Lethal midline granuloma, Wegener's granulomatosis.