vaccine

vaccine

 [vak-sēn´]

a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, or rickettsiae), administered for prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious diseases.

anthrax vaccine a cell-free protein extract of cultures of Bacillus anthracis, used for immunization against anthrax.

attenuated vaccine a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms or viruses cultured under adverse conditions, leading to loss of their virulence but retention of their ability to induce protective immunity.

autogenous vaccine a vaccine prepared from microorganisms which have been freshly isolated from the lesion of the patient who is to be treated with it.

bacterial vaccine a preparation of killed or attenuated bacteria used as an active immunizing agent.

BCG vaccine see bcg vaccine.

cholera vaccine a preparation of killed Vibrio cholerae, administered intradermally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly for immunization against cholera.

diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine DTP vaccine: a combination of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine; administered intramuscularly for simultaneous immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough. When the pertussis vaccine is an acellular form, the combination may be abbreviated DTaP.

diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed and Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine a combination of diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, pertussis vaccine, and Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine; administered intramuscularly to children 18 months to 5 years of age for simultaneous immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, and infection by Haemophilus influenzae type b.

DTP vaccine diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine.

Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine (HbCV) a preparation of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide covalently bound to diphtheria toxoid or to a specific diphtheria protein, meningococcal protein, or tetanus protein; it stimulates both B and T lymphocyte responses and is much more immunogenic than the polysaccharide vaccine. Administered intramuscularly as a routine immunizing agent in infants and young children.

Haemophilus b polysaccharide vaccine (HbPV) a preparation of highly purified capsular polysaccharide derived from Haemophilus influenzae type b, which stimulates an immune response in B lymphocytes only; administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously as an immunizing agent in children ages 18 months to 5 years.

hepatitis A vaccine inactivated an inactivated whole virus vaccine derived from an attenuated strain of hepatitis A virus grown in cell culture; administered intramuscularly.

hepatitis B vaccine a preparation of hepatitis B surface antigen, derived either from human plasma of carriers of hepatitis B (hepatitis B vaccine inactivated) or from cloning in yeast cells (hepatitis B vaccine [recombinant]); administered intramuscularly.

heterologous vaccine a vaccine that confers protective immunity against a pathogen that shares cross-reacting antigens with the microorganisms in the vaccine.

human diploid cell vaccine rabies vaccine prepared from rabies virus grown in cultures of human diploid embryo lung cells and inactivated; administered intramuscularly or intradermally.

influenza virus vaccine a killed virus vaccine used in immunization against influenza; it is trivalent, usually containing two influenza A virus strains and one influenza B virus strain.

live vaccine a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms that have been attenuated but retain their immunogenic properties.

Lyme disease vaccine (recombinant OspA) a preparation of outer surface protein A (OspA), a cell surface lipoprotein of Borrelia burgdorferi, produced by recombinant technology; administered intramuscularly for active immunization against lyme disease.

measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine live (MMR) a combination of live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella viruses, administered subcutaneously for simultaneous immunization against measles, mumps, and rubella.

measles and rubella virus vaccine live a combination of live attenuated measles and rubella viruses, administered subcutaneously for simultaneous immunization against measles and rubella.

measles virus vaccine live a live attenuated virus vaccine used for immunization against measles, although it is usually administered as the combination measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine.

meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine a preparation of a capsular antigen of Neisseria meningitidis, administered subcutaneously to provide immunity to meningitis.

mumps virus vaccine live a live attenuated virus vaccine used in immunization against mumps; usually administered as the combination measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine.

pertussis vaccine a preparation of killed Bordetella pertussis bacilli (whole-cell vaccine) or of purified antigenic components thereof (acellular vaccine), used to immunize against pertussis; generally used in combination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP or DTaP).

plague vaccine a preparation of killed Yersinia pestis bacilli, administered intramuscularly as an active immunizing agent against plague.

pneumococcal heptavalent conjugate vaccine a preparation of capsular polysaccharides from the seven serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae most commonly isolated from children 6 years of age or younger, coupled to a nontoxic variant of diphtheria toxin; used as an active immunizing agent for infants and children at risk for pneumococcal disease, administered intramuscularly.

pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent a preparation of purified capsular polysaccharides from the 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing the majority of pneumococcal disease; used as an active immunizing agent in persons over 2 years of age, administered intramuscularly.

poliovirus vaccine inactivated (IPV) a preparation of killed polioviruses of three types, given in a series of intramuscular or subcutaneous injections to immunize against poliomyelitis. It does not induce intestinal immunity and so is not effective for poliovirus eradication in areas where wild-type polioviruses still exist in large numbers. However, it does not cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and so is preferred for routine immunization in areas where the risk of infection by a wild-type poliovirus is very low, as in the United States. Called also Salk vaccine.

poliovirus vaccine live oral (OPV) an oral vaccine against poliomyelitis consisting of three types of live, attenuated polioviruses. It is given orally, often on a sugar cube, and so is convenient for administration to children and large groups of people. It induces both humoral and intestinal immunity, so is useful for immunization and poliomyelitis eradication in areas where wild-type polioviruses have not been eradicated. However, it can cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in persons newly vaccinated with it and their contacts, which is considered an unjustifiable risk in countries such as the United States, where the risk of exposure to wild-type polioviruses is very low. Thus, for routine immunization in the United States, it has been superseded by poliovirus vaccine inactivated. Called also Sabin vaccine.

polyvalent vaccine a vaccine prepared from cultures or antigens of more than one strain or species.

purified chick embryo cell vaccine an inactivated virus vaccine used for pre- and postexposure rabies immunization, prepared from rabies virus grown in cultures of chicken fibroblasts; administered intramuscularly.

rabies vaccine any of various vaccines against rabies consisting of inactivated virus, used for preexposure immunization to persons at high risk of exposure, such as veterinarians, and for postexposure prophylaxis in conjunction with rabies immune globulin. See human diploid cell v., purified chick embryo cell v., and rabies v. adsorbed.

rabies vaccine adsorbed (RVA) a rabies vaccine prepared from rabies virus grown in cultures of fetal rhesus monkey lung and inactivated; administered intramuscularly.

rotavirus vaccine live oral a live virus vaccine produced from a mixture of four types of rotavirus, used to immunize infants against rotaviral gastroenteritis.

rubella and mumps virus vaccine live a combination of live attenuated rubella and mumps viruses, administered subcutaneously for simultaneous immunization against rubella and mumps.

rubella virus vaccine live a live attenuated virus vaccine used for immunization against rubella, usually administered as the combination measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine.

Sabin vaccine poliovirus vaccine live oral.

Salk vaccine poliovirus vaccine inactivated.

subunit vaccine a vaccine produced from specific protein subunits of a virus and thus having less risk of adverse reactions than whole virus vaccines.

typhoid vaccine any of several preparations of Salmonella typhi used for immunization against typhoid fever, including a parenteral heat- and phenol-inactivated bacteria vaccine, an oral live vaccine prepared from the attenuated strain Ty21a, and a parenteral vaccine prepared from typhoid Vi capsular polysaccharide.

varicella virus vaccine live a preparation of live, attenuated human herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster virus) administered subcutaneously for production of immunity to varicella and herpes zoster.

yellow fever vaccine a preparation of attenuated yellow fever virus, used to immunize against yellow fever.

vac·cine

(vak'sēn, vak-sēn'), Although this word is correctly stressed on the first syllable, in U.S. usage it is often stressed on the second syllable.

Originally, the live vaccine (vaccinia, cowpox) virus inoculated in the skin as prophylaxis against smallpox and obtained from the skin of calves inoculated with seed virus. Usage has extended the meaning to include essentially any preparation intended for active immunologic prophylaxis; for example, preparations of killed microbes of virulent strains or living microbes of attenuated (variant or mutant) strains; or microbial, fungal, plant, protozoal, or metazoan derivatives or products. Method of administration varies according to the vaccine, inoculation being the most common, but ingestion is preferred in some instances and nasal spray is used occasionally.

Synonym(s): vaccinum

[L. vaccinus, relating to a cow]

vaccine

/vac·cine/ (vak´sēn) a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, or rickettsiae), or of antigenic proteins derived from them, administered for prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious diseases.

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acellular vaccine  a cell-free vaccine prepared from purified antigenic components of cell-free microorganisms, carrying less risk than whole-cell preparations.

anthrax vaccine  a cell-free protein extract of cultures of Bacillus anthracis, used for immunization against anthrax.

attenuated vaccine  a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms or viruses cultured under adverse conditions leading to loss of their virulence but retention of their ability to induce protective immunity.

autogenous vaccine  a vaccine prepared from microorganisms which have been freshly isolated from the lesion of the patient who is to be treated with it.

BCG vaccine  a preparation used as an active immunizing agent against tuberculosis and in treatment of bladder cancer, consisting of a dried, living, avirulent culture of the Calmette-Guérin strain of Mycobacterium bovis.

cholera vaccine  a preparation of killed Vibrio cholerae, used in immunization against cholera.

diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine  (DTP) a combination of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine; used for simultaneous immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough. When the pertussis vaccine is an acellular form, the combination may be abbreviated DTaP.

diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed and Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine  a combination of diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, pertussis vaccine, and b conjugate vaccine; used for simultaneous immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and infection by Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine  (HbCV) a preparation of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide covalently bound to diphtheria toxoid or to a specific diphtheria, meningococcal, or tetanus protein; it stimulates both B and T lymphocyte responses and is used as an immunizing agent in infants and young children.

Haemophilus b polysaccharide vaccine  (HbPV) a preparation of highly purified capsular polysaccharide derived from Haemophilus influenzae type b, which stimulates an immune response in B lymphocytes only; used as an immunizing agent in children.

hepatitis A vaccine inactivated  an inactivated whole virus vaccine derived from an attenuated strain of hepatitis A virus grown in cell culture.

hepatitis B vaccine  a preparation of hepatitis B surface antigen, derived either from human plasma of carriers of hepatitis B (hepatitis B v. inactivated) or from cloning in yeast cells (hepatitis B v. [recombinant]).

heterologous vaccine  a vaccine that confers protective immunity against a pathogen that shares cross-reacting antigens with the microorganisms in the vaccine.

human diploid cell vaccine  (HDCV) see rabies v.

influenza virus vaccine  a killed virus vaccine used in immunization against influenza; it is trivalent, usually containing two influenza A virus strains and one influenza B virus strain.

live vaccine  one prepared from live microorganisms that have been attenuated but that retain their immunogenic properties.

Lyme disease vaccine (recombinant OspA)  a preparation of outer surface protein A (OspA), a cell surface lipoprotein of Borrelia burgdorferi, produced by recombinant technology; used for active immunization against Lyme disease.

measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine live  (MMR) a combination of live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella viruses, used for simultaneous immunization against measles, mumps, and rubella.

measles and rubella virus vaccine live  a combination of live attenuated measles and rubella viruses, used for simultaneous immunization against measles and rubella.

measles virus vaccine live  a live attenuated virus vaccine used for immunization against measles, although it is generally administered as the combination measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine.

meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine  a preparation of capsular polysaccharide antigen of Neisseria meningitidis, used to provide immunity to meningitis.

mixed vaccine  polyvalent v.

mumps virus vaccine live  a live attenuated virus vaccine used in immunization against mumps; usually administered as the combination measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine.

pertussis vaccine  a preparation of killed Bordetella pertussis bacilli (whole-cell vaccine) or of purified antigenic components thereof (acellular vaccine), used to immunize against pertussis; generally used in combination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP or DTaP).

plague vaccine  a preparation of killed Yersinia pestis bacilli, used as an active immunizing agent.

pneumococcal heptavalent conjugate vaccine  a preparation of capsular polysaccharides from the seven serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae most commonly isolated from young children, coupled to a nontoxic variant of diphtheria toxin; used as an active immunizing agent.

pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent  a preparation of purified capsular polysaccharides from the 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing the majority of pneumococcal disease; used as an active immunizing agent.

poliovirus vaccine inactivated  (IPV) Salk v.; a suspension of formalin-inactivated polioviruses used for immunization against poliomyelitis.

poliovirus vaccine live oral  (OPV) Sabin v.; a preparation of a combination of the three types of live, attenuated polioviruses used as an active immunizing agent against poliomyelitis.

polyvalent vaccine  one prepared from cultures or antigens of more than one strain or species.

purified chick embryo cell vaccine  a preparation of inactivated rabies virus grown in cultures of chicken fibroblasts; used for pre- and post-exposure rabies immunization.

rabies vaccine  an inactivated virus vaccine used for pre- and postexposure immunization against rabies; it may be prepared from virus grown in human diploid cell culture (human diploid cell v.), that grown in cultures of chicken fibroblasts (purified chick embryo cell v.), or that grown in cultures of fetal rhesus lung and concentrated by adsorption to aluminum phosphate (rabies v. adsorbed).

replicative vaccine  any vaccine containing organisms that are able to reproduce, including live and attenuated viruses and bacteria.

rotavirus vaccine live oral  a live virus vaccine produced from a mixture of four rotavirus types grown in fetal rhesus diploid cells; used to immunize infants against rotaviral gastroenteritis.

rubella and mumps virus vaccine live  a combination of live attenuated rubella and mumps viruses, used for simultaneous immunization against rubella and mumps.

rubella virus vaccine live  a live attenuated virus vaccine used for immunization against rubella, usually administered as the combination measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine.

Sabin vaccine  poliovirus v. live oral.

Salk vaccine  poliovirus v. inactivated.

subunit vaccine  a vaccine produced from specific protein subunits of a virus and thus having less risk of adverse reactions than whole virus vaccines.

typhoid vaccine  any of several preparations of Salmonella typhi used for immunization against typhoid fever, including a parenteral heat- and phenol-inactivated bacteria vaccine, an oral live vaccine prepared from the attenuated strain Ty21a, and a parenteral vaccine prepared from typhoid Vi capsular polysaccharide.

varicella virus vaccine live  a preparation of live, attenuated human herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster virus) used for production of immunity to varicella and herpes zoster.

yellow fever vaccine  a preparation of attenuated yellow fever virus, used to immunize against yellow fever.

vaccine

(văk-sēn′, văk′sēn′)

n.

a. A preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus, or of a portion of the pathogen's structure that upon administration to an individual stimulates antibody production or cellular immunity against the pathogen but is incapable of causing severe infection.

b. A preparation from the cowpox virus that protects against smallpox when administered to an individual.

vaccine

[vaksēn′, vak′sēn, -sin]

Etymology: L, vaccinus

a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms administered intradermally, intramuscularly, orally, or subcutaneously to induce active immunity to infectious disease. Viruses and rickettsia used in some vaccines are grown in avian embryos, rabbit brain tissue, or monkey kidney tissue, and the organisms are usually inactivated by formalin, phenol, or beta-propiolactone. Bacteria for some vaccines may be inactivated by acetone, formalin, heat, or phenol. Vaccines may be used as single agents or in combinations. Compare antiserum.

vaccine

Immunology A mixture of live, live-attenuated, killed, complete or incomplete microorganisms or their products, that contains antigens capable of stimulating production of specific protective antibodies against a pathogen; vaccines may be biochemically synthesized or made by recombinant DNA techniques Effective vaccines Diphtheria, HAV, HBV, influenza, measles, pertussis, S pneumoniae, tetanus

vac·cine

(vak-sēn')

Any preparation intended for active immunologic prophylaxis, e.g., preparations of killed microbes of virulent strains or living microbes of attenuated (variant or mutant) strains, or microbial, fungal, plant, protozoal, or metazoan derivatives or product.

[L. vaccinus, relating to a cow, vacca]

vaccine

A suspension of microorganisms of one particular type that have been killed or modified so as to be safe, given to promote the production of specific ANTIBODIES to the organism for purposes of future protection against infection.

vaccine

a preparation containing live, attenuated (see ATTENUATION).or inactivated (killed) microorganisms (or some part or product of them), that is used to stimulate an IMMUNE RESPONSE in the recipient, which gains IMMUNITY. The Salk polio vaccine is an example of a vaccine that contains inactivated viruses, whereas the Sabin polio vaccine is a LIVE VACCINE. The name comes from the Latin vaccinus, ‘of cows’, and relates to the work of Edward JENNER on cowpox. Vaccines are not quick-acting, but rely on the recipient to build up a supply of ANTIBODIES gradually. Compare SERUM (3). See also COMBINATION VACCINE, DNA VACCINE, SUBUNIT VACCINE.

Vaccine

A preparation using a non-infectious element or relative of a particular virus or bacteria, and administered with the intention of halting the progress of an infection, or completely preventing it.

Mentioned in: Encephalitis, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis E, Smallpox

vaccine

preparation designed to act as disease prophylaxis

• BCG Vaccine; bacille Calmette—Guérin vaccine suspension of attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis inoculated into skin; triggers host immune response to tuberculosis

• killed vaccine vaccine prepared from dead organisms which retain surface epitopes

• live vaccine vaccine prepared from living, but attenuated, organisms

vac·cine

(vak-sēn')

Originally, live vaccine (vaccinia, cowpox) virus inoculated in skin as prophylaxis against smallpox and obtained from skin of calves inoculated with seed virus. Usage has extended the meaning to include essentially any preparation intended for active immunologic prophylaxis.

[L. vaccinus, relating to a cow, vacca]

vaccine (vaksēn´),

agent prepared to produce active immunity that usually kills microbes, attenuated live microbes, or variant strains of microbes and can induce antibody production without producing disease.

vaccine

a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (viruses, bacteria or rickettsiae), administered for prevention, amelioration or treatment of infectious diseases.

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anti-idiotype vaccine

antibody made to antigenic determinants located in the variable domains of immunoglobulin molecules. Proposed as a means of regulating antibody responses and also as a substitute antigen for vaccination.

vaccine-associated sarcoma

see sarcoma.

attenuated vaccine

a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms that have lost their virulence but retained their ability to induce protective immunity. Attenuated microorganisms including particularly bacteria and viruses may be found naturally or they may be produced in the laboratory, for example by adaptation to a new medium or cell culture or they may be produced by recombinant DNA technology.

autogenous vaccine

a vaccine prepared from cultures of material derived from a lesion of the animal to be vaccinated, e.g. wart vaccine.

bacterial vaccine

a preparation of attenuated or killed bacteria, used to immunize against organisms injected, or sometimes for pyrogenetic effects in treatment of certain noninfectious diseases.

biosynthetic vaccine

a formulation containing a protective, noninfectious, immunogenic subunit produced in or by a biological system.

caprinized vaccine

a vaccine, usually a virus, attenuated by serial passage through goats, e.g. caprinized rinderpest vaccine. In highly susceptible cattle this vaccine may cause significant reactions and lapinized vaccines are preferred.

core vaccine

one that should always be included in the basic immunization program for the species.

dead vaccine

inactivated vaccine; one with organisms that have been killed.

DNA vaccine

DNA sequences that code for immunogenic proteins located in appropriately constructed plasmids which include strong promoters, which when injected into an animal are taken up by cells and the immunogenic proteins are expressed and elicit an immune response. No vaccines of this type are licensed and concerns about safety have not been resolved.

heterotypic vaccine

one developed from a virus that is antigenically distinct but related to that causing the disease for which the animal is being immunized, e.g. measles vaccine used to protect dogs from canine distemper.

homotypic vaccine

one developed from the same virus as that causing the disease the animal is being immunized against.

human diploid cell vaccine

an inactivated rabies vaccine made from rabies virus grown on human embryo lung fibroblast cells.

inactivated vaccine

see dead vaccine (above).

killed virus (KV) vaccine

see dead vaccine (above).

live vaccine

a vaccine prepared from live, usually attenuated, microorganisms.

vaccine lymph

material containing vaccinia virus collected from vaccinial vesicles of inoculated calves; used for active immunization against smallpox.

mixed vaccine

see mixed bacterial vaccine.

modified live virus (MLV) vaccine

see attenuated vaccine (above).

polyvalent vaccine

one prepared from more than one strain or species of microorganisms.

recombinant vaccine

one created by recombinant DNA technology.

subunit vaccine

one containing only specific antigenic proteins of the infectious agent.

synthetic peptide vaccine

using synthetic short peptides which correspond with major epitopes of viral proteins to elicit a protective antibody response.

virus-vectored vaccine

use of viruses as vectors to carry selected genes from another virus for immunization.

Patient discussion about vaccine

Q. Do Vaccines cause Autism? I have heard all over the news lately that the vaccines we give our children can cause Autism. Is this true? Is it dangerous? Should I vaccinate my one year old son?

A. NO

Andrew Wakefield MD started the controversy when publish the idea in Lancet. He was paid 130,000 dollars to lie

Check this link for full story:
http://www.thedoctorsvideos.com/video/749/MMR-and-Autism-The-Andrew-Wakefield-Story

Q. Who Should Receive the Flu Vaccine? Should I go get vaccinated for the flu? I have been told it is advised only for certain people, so who should receive this vaccine?

A. before you would like to go on with any vaccination, you should check out this very long list of links and create your own opinion:

http://www.aegis.ch/neu/links.html

at the bottom you will also find links in english. vaccinations in general are very disputable/dubious and it is probably time that we learn about it.

Q. Does the flu vaccine protect from all kinds of flu? If I get a flu vaccine does that mean I am completely protected from getting the flu?

A. No, the vaccine does not give complete protection from all the flu types out there. The vaccine protects from the most common types of flu, which are: H3N2, H1N1 and one B virus.