vaccine
[vak-sēn´] a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, or rickettsiae), administered for prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious diseases.
anthrax vaccine a cell-free protein extract of cultures of
Bacillus anthracis, used for immunization against
anthrax.
attenuated vaccine a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms or viruses cultured under adverse conditions, leading to loss of their virulence but retention of their ability to induce protective immunity.
autogenous vaccine a vaccine prepared from microorganisms which have been freshly isolated from the lesion of the patient who is to be treated with it.
bacterial vaccine a preparation of killed or attenuated bacteria used as an active immunizing agent.
cholera vaccine a preparation of killed
Vibrio cholerae, administered intradermally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly for immunization against
cholera.
diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine DTP vaccine: a combination of
diphtheria and
tetanus toxoids and
pertussis vaccine; administered intramuscularly for simultaneous immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough. When the pertussis vaccine is an acellular form, the combination may be abbreviated
DTaP.
Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine (HbCV) a preparation of
Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide covalently bound to
diphtheria toxoid or to a specific diphtheria protein, meningococcal protein, or tetanus protein; it stimulates both B and T lymphocyte responses and is much more immunogenic than the polysaccharide vaccine. Administered intramuscularly as a routine immunizing agent in infants and young children.
Haemophilus b polysaccharide vaccine (HbPV) a preparation of highly purified capsular polysaccharide derived from
Haemophilus influenzae type b, which stimulates an
immune response in B lymphocytes only; administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously as an immunizing agent in children ages 18 months to 5 years.
hepatitis A vaccine inactivated an inactivated whole virus vaccine derived from an attenuated strain of
hepatitis A virus grown in cell culture; administered intramuscularly.
hepatitis B vaccine a preparation of
hepatitis B surface antigen, derived either from human plasma of carriers of hepatitis B
(hepatitis B vaccine inactivated) or from cloning in yeast cells
(hepatitis B vaccine [recombinant]); administered intramuscularly.
heterologous vaccine a vaccine that confers protective immunity against a pathogen that shares cross-reacting antigens with the microorganisms in the vaccine.
human diploid cell vaccine rabies vaccine prepared from rabies virus grown in cultures of human diploid embryo lung cells and inactivated; administered intramuscularly or intradermally.
live vaccine a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms that have been attenuated but retain their immunogenic properties.
Lyme disease vaccine (recombinant OspA) a preparation of outer surface protein A (OspA), a cell surface lipoprotein of
Borrelia burgdorferi, produced by recombinant technology; administered intramuscularly for active immunization against
lyme disease.
measles and rubella virus vaccine live a combination of live attenuated
measles and
rubella viruses, administered subcutaneously for simultaneous immunization against
measles and
rubella.
meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine a preparation of a capsular antigen of
Neisseria meningitidis, administered subcutaneously to provide immunity to
meningitis.
pertussis vaccine a preparation of killed
Bordetella pertussis bacilli (whole-cell vaccine) or of purified antigenic components thereof (acellular vaccine), used to immunize against
pertussis; generally used in combination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (
DTP or
DTaP).
plague vaccine a preparation of killed
Yersinia pestis bacilli, administered intramuscularly as an active immunizing agent against
plague.
pneumococcal heptavalent conjugate vaccine a preparation of capsular polysaccharides from the seven serotypes of
Streptococcus pneumoniae most commonly isolated from children 6 years of age or younger, coupled to a nontoxic variant of
diphtheria toxin; used as an active immunizing agent for infants and children at risk for pneumococcal disease, administered intramuscularly.
pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent a preparation of purified capsular polysaccharides from the 23 serotypes of
Streptococcus pneumoniae causing the majority of pneumococcal disease; used as an active immunizing agent in persons over 2 years of age, administered intramuscularly.
poliovirus vaccine inactivated (IPV) a preparation of killed
polioviruses of three types, given in a series of intramuscular or subcutaneous injections to immunize against
poliomyelitis. It does not induce intestinal immunity and so is not effective for poliovirus eradication in areas where wild-type polioviruses still exist in large numbers. However, it does not cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and so is preferred for routine immunization in areas where the risk of infection by a wild-type poliovirus is very low, as in the United States. Called also
Salk vaccine.
poliovirus vaccine live oral (OPV) an oral vaccine against
poliomyelitis consisting of three types of live, attenuated polioviruses. It is given orally, often on a sugar cube, and so is convenient for administration to children and large groups of people. It induces both humoral and intestinal immunity, so is useful for immunization and poliomyelitis eradication in areas where wild-type polioviruses have not been eradicated. However, it can cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in persons newly vaccinated with it and their contacts, which is considered an unjustifiable risk in countries such as the United States, where the risk of exposure to wild-type polioviruses is very low. Thus, for routine immunization in the United States, it has been superseded by
poliovirus vaccine inactivated. Called also
Sabin vaccine.
polyvalent vaccine a vaccine prepared from cultures or antigens of more than one strain or species.
purified chick embryo cell vaccine an inactivated virus vaccine used for pre- and postexposure
rabies immunization, prepared from rabies virus grown in cultures of chicken fibroblasts; administered intramuscularly.
rabies vaccine adsorbed (RVA) a
rabies vaccine prepared from
rabies virus grown in cultures of fetal rhesus monkey lung and inactivated; administered intramuscularly.
rotavirus vaccine live oral a live virus vaccine produced from a mixture of four types of
rotavirus, used to immunize infants against rotaviral
gastroenteritis.
rubella and mumps virus vaccine live a combination of live attenuated
rubella and
mumps viruses, administered subcutaneously for simultaneous immunization against
rubella and
mumps.
subunit vaccine a vaccine produced from specific protein subunits of a virus and thus having less risk of adverse reactions than whole virus vaccines.
typhoid vaccine any of several preparations of
Salmonella typhi used for immunization against
typhoid fever, including a parenteral heat- and phenol-inactivated bacteria vaccine, an oral live vaccine prepared from the attenuated strain Ty21a, and a parenteral vaccine prepared from typhoid Vi capsular polysaccharide.
yellow fever vaccine a preparation of attenuated yellow fever virus, used to immunize against
yellow fever.
vaccine
/vac·cine/ (vak´sēn) a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, or rickettsiae), or of antigenic proteins derived from them, administered for prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious diseases.
acellular vaccine a cell-free vaccine prepared from purified antigenic components of cell-free microorganisms, carrying less risk than whole-cell preparations.
attenuated vaccine a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms or viruses cultured under adverse conditions leading to loss of their virulence but retention of their ability to induce protective immunity.
autogenous vaccine a vaccine prepared from microorganisms which have been freshly isolated from the lesion of the patient who is to be treated with it.
BCG vaccine a preparation used as an active immunizing agent against tuberculosis and in treatment of bladder cancer, consisting of a dried, living, avirulent culture of the Calmette-Guérin strain of
Mycobacterium bovis. diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTP) a combination of
diphtheria and
tetanus toxoids and
pertussis vaccine; used for simultaneous immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough. When the pertussis vaccine is an acellular form, the combination may be abbreviated
DTaP.
Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine (HbCV) a preparation of
Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide covalently bound to
diphtheria toxoid or to a specific diphtheria, meningococcal, or tetanus protein; it stimulates both B and T lymphocyte responses and is used as an immunizing agent in infants and young children.
Haemophilus b polysaccharide vaccine (HbPV) a preparation of highly purified capsular polysaccharide derived from
Haemophilus influenzae type b, which stimulates an immune response in B lymphocytes only; used as an immunizing agent in children.
hepatitis A vaccine inactivated an inactivated whole virus vaccine derived from an attenuated strain of
hepatitis A virus grown in cell culture.
hepatitis B vaccine a preparation of
hepatitis B surface antigen, derived either from human plasma of carriers of hepatitis B
(hepatitis B v. inactivated) or from cloning in yeast cells
(hepatitis B v. [recombinant]). heterologous vaccine a vaccine that confers protective immunity against a pathogen that shares cross-reacting antigens with the microorganisms in the vaccine.
human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) see
rabies v. live vaccine one prepared from live microorganisms that have been attenuated but that retain their immunogenic properties.
Lyme disease vaccine (recombinant OspA) a preparation of outer surface protein A (OspA), a cell surface lipoprotein of
Borrelia burgdorferi, produced by recombinant technology; used for active immunization against
Lyme disease.
pertussis vaccine a preparation of killed
Bordetella pertussis bacilli (whole-cell vaccine) or of purified antigenic components thereof (acellular vaccine), used to immunize against
pertussis; generally used in combination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (
DTP or
DTaP).
plague vaccine a preparation of killed
Yersinia pestis bacilli, used as an active immunizing agent.
pneumococcal heptavalent conjugate vaccine a preparation of capsular polysaccharides from the seven serotypes of
Streptococcus pneumoniae most commonly isolated from young children, coupled to a nontoxic variant of
diphtheria toxin; used as an active immunizing agent.
pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent a preparation of purified capsular polysaccharides from the 23 serotypes of
Streptococcus pneumoniae causing the majority of pneumococcal disease; used as an active immunizing agent.
poliovirus vaccine inactivated (IPV)
Salk v.; a suspension of formalin-inactivated polioviruses used for immunization against
poliomyelitis.
poliovirus vaccine live oral (OPV)
Sabin v.; a preparation of a combination of the three types of live, attenuated polioviruses used as an active immunizing agent against
poliomyelitis.
polyvalent vaccine one prepared from cultures or antigens of more than one strain or species.
purified chick embryo cell vaccine a preparation of inactivated rabies virus grown in cultures of chicken fibroblasts; used for pre- and post-exposure rabies immunization.
rabies vaccine an inactivated virus vaccine used for pre- and postexposure immunization against rabies; it may be prepared from virus grown in human diploid cell culture
(human diploid cell v.), that grown in cultures of chicken fibroblasts
(purified chick embryo cell v.), or that grown in cultures of fetal rhesus lung and concentrated by adsorption to aluminum phosphate
(rabies v. adsorbed). replicative vaccine any vaccine containing organisms that are able to reproduce, including live and attenuated viruses and bacteria.
rotavirus vaccine live oral a live virus vaccine produced from a mixture of four
rotavirus types grown in fetal rhesus diploid cells; used to immunize infants against rotaviral
gastroenteritis.
subunit vaccine a vaccine produced from specific protein subunits of a virus and thus having less risk of adverse reactions than whole virus vaccines.
typhoid vaccine any of several preparations of
Salmonella typhi used for immunization against
typhoid fever, including a parenteral heat- and phenol-inactivated bacteria vaccine, an oral live vaccine prepared from the attenuated strain Ty21a, and a parenteral vaccine prepared from typhoid Vi capsular polysaccharide.
vaccine
a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (viruses, bacteria or rickettsiae), administered for prevention, amelioration or treatment of infectious diseases.
anti-idiotype vaccineantibody made to antigenic determinants located in the variable domains of immunoglobulin molecules. Proposed as a means of regulating antibody responses and also as a substitute antigen for vaccination.
vaccine-associated sarcoma attenuated vaccinea vaccine prepared from live microorganisms that have lost their virulence but retained their ability to induce protective immunity. Attenuated microorganisms including particularly bacteria and viruses may be found naturally or they may be produced in the laboratory, for example by adaptation to a new medium or cell culture or they may be produced by recombinant DNA technology.
autogenous vaccinea vaccine prepared from cultures of material derived from a lesion of the animal to be vaccinated, e.g. wart vaccine.
bacterial vaccinea preparation of attenuated or killed bacteria, used to immunize against organisms injected, or sometimes for pyrogenetic effects in treatment of certain noninfectious diseases.
biosynthetic vaccinea formulation containing a protective, noninfectious, immunogenic subunit produced in or by a biological system.
caprinized vaccinea vaccine, usually a virus, attenuated by serial passage through goats, e.g. caprinized rinderpest vaccine. In highly susceptible cattle this vaccine may cause significant reactions and lapinized vaccines are preferred.
core vaccineone that should always be included in the basic immunization program for the species.
dead vaccineinactivated vaccine; one with organisms that have been killed.
DNA vaccineDNA sequences that code for immunogenic proteins located in appropriately constructed plasmids which include strong promoters, which when injected into an animal are taken up by cells and the immunogenic proteins are expressed and elicit an immune response. No vaccines of this type are licensed and concerns about safety have not been resolved.
heterotypic vaccineone developed from a virus that is antigenically distinct but related to that causing the disease for which the animal is being immunized, e.g. measles vaccine used to protect dogs from canine distemper.
homotypic vaccineone developed from the same virus as that causing the disease the animal is being immunized against.
human diploid cell vaccinean inactivated rabies vaccine made from rabies virus grown on human embryo lung fibroblast cells.
inactivated vaccinesee dead vaccine (above).
killed virus (KV) vaccinesee dead vaccine (above).
live vaccinea vaccine prepared from live, usually attenuated, microorganisms.
vaccine lymphmaterial containing vaccinia virus collected from vaccinial vesicles of inoculated calves; used for active immunization against smallpox.
mixed vaccinesee
mixed bacterial vaccine.
modified live virus (MLV) vaccinesee attenuated vaccine (above).
polyvalent vaccineone prepared from more than one strain or species of microorganisms.
recombinant vaccineone created by recombinant DNA technology.
subunit vaccineone containing only specific antigenic proteins of the infectious agent.
synthetic peptide vaccineusing synthetic short peptides which correspond with major epitopes of viral proteins to elicit a protective antibody response.
virus-vectored vaccineuse of viruses as vectors to carry selected genes from another virus for immunization.
Patient discussion about vaccine
Q. Do Vaccines cause Autism? I have heard all over the news lately that the vaccines we give our children can cause Autism. Is this true? Is it dangerous? Should I vaccinate my one year old son?
A. NO
Andrew Wakefield MD started the controversy when publish the idea in Lancet. He was paid 130,000 dollars to lie
Check this link for full story:
http://www.thedoctorsvideos.com/video/749/MMR-and-Autism-The-Andrew-Wakefield-Story
Q. Who Should Receive the Flu Vaccine? Should I go get vaccinated for the flu? I have been told it is advised only for certain people, so who should receive this vaccine?
A. before you would like to go on with any vaccination, you should check out this very long list of links and create your own opinion:
http://www.aegis.ch/neu/links.html
at the bottom you will also find links in english. vaccinations in general are very disputable/dubious and it is probably time that we learn about it.
Q. Does the flu vaccine protect from all kinds of flu? If I get a flu vaccine does that mean I am completely protected from getting the flu?
A. No, the vaccine does not give complete protection from all the flu types out there. The vaccine protects from the most common types of flu, which are: H3N2, H1N1 and one B virus.
More discussions about vaccine