Diabetes (redirected from maturity-onset diabetes mellitus)

diabetes /di·a·be·tes/ (di?ah-be´tez) any disorder characterized by excessive urine excretion. When used alone, the term refers to diabetes mellitus.

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adult-onset diabetes mellitus  type 2 d. mellitus.

brittle diabetes  type 1 diabetes mellitus characterized by wide, unpredictable fluctuations of blood glucose values and difficult to control.

bronze diabetes , bronzed diabetes hemochromatosis.

central diabetes insipidus  diabetes insipidus due to injury of the neurohypophyseal system, with a deficient quantity of antidiuretic hormone being released or produced, causing failure of renal tubular reabsorption of water.

gestational diabetes , gestational diabetes mellitus that with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.

growth-onset diabetes mellitus  type 1 d. mellitus.

diabetes insi´pidus  any of several types of polyuria in which the volume of urine exceeds 3 liters per day, causing dehydration and great thirst, as well as sometimes emaciation and great hunger.

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus  (IDD) (IDDM) type 1 d. mellitus.

juvenile diabetes mellitus , juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus type 1 d. mellitus.

ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus  type 1 d. mellitus.

maturity-onset diabetes mellitus  type 2 d. mellitus.

diabetes mel´litus  (DM) a chronic syndrome of impaired carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism owing to insufficient secretion of insulin or to target tissue insulin resistance. It occurs in two major forms: type 1 d. mellitus and type 2 d. mellitus, which differ in etiology, pathology, genetics, age of onset, and treatment.

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus  inherited or acquired diabetes insipidus caused by failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb water in response to antidiuretic hormone, without disturbance in the renal filtration and solute excretion rates.

non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus  (NIDD) (NIDDM) type 2 d. mellitus.

preclinical diabetes  former name for impaired glucose tolerance.

renal diabetes  see under glycosuria.

subclinical diabetes  former name for impaired glucose tolerance.

Type I diabetes mellitus  type 1 d. mellitus.

type 1 diabetes mellitus  one of the two major types of diabetes mellitus, characterized by abrupt onset of symptoms (often in early adolescence), insulinopenia, and dependence on exogenous insulin; it is due to lack of insulin production by the pancreatic beta cells. With inadequate control, hyperglycemia, protein wasting, and ketone body production occur; the hyperglycemia leads to overflow glycosuria, osmotic diuresis, hyperosmolarity, dehydration, and diabetic ketoacidosis, which can progress to nausea and vomiting, stupor, and potentially fatal hyperosmolar coma. The associated angiopathy of blood vessels (particularly microangiopathy) affects the retinas, kidneys, and arteriolar basement membranes. Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, paresthesias, blurred vision, and irritability also occur.

Type II diabetes mellitus  type 2 d. mellitus.

type 2 diabetes mellitus  one of the two major types of diabetes mellitus, peaking in onset between 50 and 60 years of age, characterized by gradual onset with few symptoms of metabolic disturbance (glycosuria and its consequences) and control by diet, with or without oral hypoglycemics but without exogenous insulin required. Basal insulin secretion is maintained at normal or reduced levels, but insulin release in response to a glucose load is delayed or reduced. Defective glucose receptors on the pancreatic beta cells may be involved. It is often accompanied by disease of blood vessels, particularly the large ones, leading to premature atherosclerosis with myocardial infarction or stroke syndrome.

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di·a·be·tes (d-bts, -tz)

n.

Any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive discharge of urine and persistent thirst, especially one of the two types of diabetes mellitus.

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Diabetes

A disease characterized by an inability to process sugars in the diet, due to a decrease in or total absence of insulin production. May require injections of insulin before meals to aid in the metabolism of sugars.

Mentioned in: Adrenal Gland Cancer, Pancreatitis, Retinal Hemorrhage

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diabetes,

n illness often identified by increased urination. Can be characterized by hyperglycemia (as in diabetes mellitus) or by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (as in diabetes insipidus).

Diabetes.

Features	Type 1	Type 2
Age at onset	Usually under 40	Usually over 40
Percentage of all diabetics	Less than 10%	Greater than 90%
Seasonal trend	Fall and winter	None
Family history	Uncommon	Common
Appearance of symptoms	Rapid	Slow
Obesity at onset	Uncommon	Common
Insulin levels	Decreased	Variable
Insulin resistance	Occasional	Often
Treatment with insulin	Always	Not required
Beta-cells	Decreased	Variable
Ketoacidosis	Frequent	Rare
Complications	Frequent	Frequent

diabetes, gestational,

n a condition characterized by the development of high glucose levels during pregnancy; may be treated through diet, regular exercise, and insulin injections. If untreated, this condition may have ill effects on the health of the mother and the baby.

diabetes, non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,

n chronic disease marked by elevated levels of insulin and decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin. The condition may be asymptomatic, but an increase in thirst, appetite, and urination as well as fatigue, blurred vision, and weight loss are common.

diabetes, Type 1,

n disease marked by an inability to use carbohydrates because of an absolute deficiency of insulin. Occurs in adults and children; symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, increased appetite, and irritability. Individuals with Type 1 diabetes depend completely on insulin.

diabetes, Type 2,

n a form of diabetes not necessarily dependent on insulin but exhibits hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Often linked to obesity, onset is usually after 40 years of age.

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diabetes (dībē´tēz),

n a deficiency condition involving carbohydrate metabolism and characterized by increased urination.

diabetes, bronzed,

n the combination of hemochromatosis and diabetes mellitus. The skin takes on a bronzed appearance as a result of the deposition of an iron-containing pigment in the skin.

diabetes, gestational

(jestāshnl),
n the term describing patients who acquire glucose intolerance when pregnant.

diabetes insipidus

(insip´ids),
n 1. a metabolic disturbance characterized by marked urinary excretion and great thirst but no elevation of sugar in the blood or urine.
n 2. a pituitary dysfunction characterized by an insufficient output of antidiuretic hormone, leading to polyuria and polydipsia.

diabetes, juvenile,

n an older term for diabetes mellitus occurring in children and adolescents, usually of a more severe and rampant nature than diabetes mellitus in adults, with consequent difficulty of regulation. Now considered a form of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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diabetes

a general term referring to a variety of disorders characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. See diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.