malignant hyperthermia

hyperthermia /hy·per·ther·mia/ (-ther´me-ah) hyperpyrexia; greatly increased body temperature.hyperther´malhyperther´mic

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malignant hyperthermia  an autosomal dominant inherited condition affecting patients undergoing general anesthesia, marked by sudden, rapid rise in body temperature, associated with signs of increased muscle metabolism, and, usually, muscle rigidity.

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malignant hyperthermia

n.

Rapid onset of extremely high fever with muscle rigidity occurring during the administration of general anesthesia, precipitated in genetically susceptible persons especially by halothane or succinylcholine.

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Malignant hyperthermia

A type of reaction (probably with a genetic basis) that can occur during general anesthesia in which the patient experiences a high fever, the muscles become rigid, and the heart rate and blood pressure fluctuate.

Mentioned in: Anesthesia, General, Anesthesia, Local, Fever

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malignant hyperthermia (MH),

a rare genetic hypermetabolic condition characterized by severe hyperthermia and rigidity of the skeletal muscles, occurring in affected people exposed to inhalation anesthetics and succinylcholine, a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant. Treatment includes the administration of large quantities of dantrolene sodium, administration of 100% oxygen, immediate cooling, cessation of surgery, and correction of acidosis and hyperkalemia. Patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia must be informed of the condition and susceptible relatives screened. The family is referred to the Malignant Hyperthermia Registry (MHAUS).

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hyperthermia (hī´purthur´mē),

n an extremely high fever brought on by treatment.

hyperthermia, malignant

n an extremely high fever accompanied by muscle rigidity that occurs rapidly in susceptible individuals when they are exposed to certain types of anesthesia; may be fatal.

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malignant (mlig´nnt),

adj 1. resistant to treatment.
2. able to metastasize and kill the host.
3. describing a cancer.

malignant hypertension,

n the most lethal form of high blood pressure. It is a fulminating condition, characterized by severely elevated blood pressure that commonly damages the intima of small vessels, the brain, retina, heart, and kidneys. It affects more persons with racial diversity and may be caused by a variety of factors such as stress, genetic predisposition, obesity, the use of tobacco, the use of oral contraceptives, high intake of sodium chloride, a sedentary lifestyle, and aging.

malignant hyperthermia,

n an autosomal dominant trait characterized by often fatal hyperthermia with rigidity of muscles occurring in affected people exposed to certain anesthetic agents, particularly halothane and succinylcholine.

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hyperthermia

1. greatly increased body temperature. May have effect as teratogen.

2. heat therapy. Used in the treatment of tumors, often in conjunction with chemotherapy or radiation. Whole body, regional or localized hyperthermia is induced with electromagnetic radiation, radiofrequency current heating or ultrasonic heating.

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epidemic hyperthermia

poisoning by Neotyphodium (Acremonium)coenophialum.

idiopathic hyperthermia

term applied in error to the effects of ergotism under conditions of high ambient temperature. See also rye ergot, Neotyphodium(Acremonium) coenophialum.

malignant hyperthermia

a drug induced stress syndrome of pigs which have been treated with halothane or suxamethonium. Isolated cases have been reported in dogs and cats. The clinical syndrome includes muscle rigidity and hyperthermia. It is fatal and susceptibility to it is inherited. See also porcine stress syndrome.

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malignant

tending to become progressively worse and to result in death; having the properties of anaplasia, invasiveness and metastasis; said of tumors.

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malignant aphtha

see contagious ecthyma.

malignant carbuncle

a form of anthrax in humans.

malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)

an acute highly infectious, fatal herpesvirus disease of cattle, farmed deer and occasionally pigs characterized by an erosive stomatitis and gastroenteritis, erosions on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis, and lymphadenopathy. There are at least two viruses involved. A wildebeest-associated form of the disease is caused by alcephaline herpesvirus 1. It occurs in most African countries in cattle which co-mingle with clinically normal wildebeest and hartebeest. It is epizootic and seasonal. It can also occur in zoological gardens in other countries. Sheep-associated MCF is caused by a poorly characterized virus, presumably ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2). Cases mostly occur when cattle have had contact with lambing ewes and usually start 1-2 months later. Goats can also act as a source of OvHV-2 infection for cattle. Cases without apparent or recent exposure to sheep do occur but are uncommon. Called also bovine malignant catarrh.

malignant edema

an acute infection of wounds by Clostridium septicum, C. chauvoei, C. perfringens, C. sordellii or C. novyi. The inflammation causes severe swelling and discoloration of skin and exposed tissues. There may be local subcutaneous emphysema and a frothy exudate, depending on the identity of the invading organism. There is a high fever and a profound toxemia; death follows within a few hours if treatment is not provided. Special occurrences are when a large number of animals are affected at one time. These include involvement of the vulva in recently lambed ewes, of shearing or docking wounds, and of the umbilicus or eyes of recently born lambs.

malignant fibrous histiocytoma

a rare aggressive tumor of dogs and cats; composed of densely packed fibroblasts and histiocytes.

malignant head catarrh

see malignant catarrhal fever.

malignant histiocytosis

see malignant histiocytosis.

malignant hyperthermia

see malignant hyperthermia, porcine stress syndrome.

malignant lymphoma

see lymphosarcoma.

malignant pustule

see malignant carbuncle (above).

malignant theileriasis

theileriasis caused by Theileria hirci.