glomerulonephritis /glo·mer·u·lo·ne·phri·tis/ (glo-mer″u-lo-nĕ-fri´tis) nephritis with inflammation of the capillary loops in the renal glomeruli.
glomerulonephritis [glo-mer″u-lo-nĕ-fri´tis]
acute glomerulonephritis an acute form characterized by proteinuria, edema, hematuria, renal failure, and hypertension, sometimes preceded by tonsillitis or febrile pharyngitis.
chronic glomerulonephritis a slowly progressive glomerulonephritis generally leading to irreversible renal failure.
diffuse glomerulonephritis a severe form with proliferative changes in more than half the glomeruli, often with epithelial crescent formation and necrosis; often seen in advanced systemic lupus erythematosus.
IgA glomerulonephritis IgA nephropathy; a chronic form marked by a hematuria and proteinuria and by deposits of immunoglobulin A in the mesangial areas of the renal glomeruli, with subsequent reactive hyperplasia of mesangial cells.
lobular glomerulonephritis , membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis a chronic, slowly progressive glomerulonephritis in which the glomeruli are enlarged as a result of proliferation of mesangial cells and irregular thickening of the capillary walls, which narrows the capillary lumina.
membranous glomerulonephritis a form characterized histologically by proteinaceous deposits on the glomerular capillary basement membrane or by thickening of the membrane; clinically resembling chronic glomerulonephritis, occasionally with transient nephrotic syndrome.
mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis membranoproliferative g.
| lobular glomerulonephritis |
glomerulonephritis [glo-mer″u-lo-nĕ-fri´tis]
a variety of nephritis characterized by inflammation of the capillary loops in the glomeruli of the kidney. It occurs in acute, subacute, and chronic forms and may be secondary to an infection, especially with the hemolytic streptococcus.
Histologic appearance of acute glomerulonephritis. A, Normal glomerulus. B, Glomerulonephritis. The glomerulus appears hypercellular and the capillaries are narrowed or occluded. From Damjanov, 2000.
diffuse glomerulonephritis a severe form of glomerulonephritis with proliferative changes in more than half the glomeruli, frequently with epithelial crescent formation and necrosis; it is often seen in cases of advanced systemic lupus erythematosus.
IgA glomerulonephritis IgA nephropathy.
lobular glomerulonephritis (membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis) a chronic glomerulonephritis characterized by mesangial cell proliferation and irregular thickening of the glomerular capillary wall. There are two subtypes: Type I is marked by subendothelial deposits and activation of the classic complement pathway. Type II is marked by heavy deposits in the glomerular basement membrane and activation of the alternative complement pathway. Both types occur in older children and young adults and follow a slowly progressing course with irregular remissions ultimately resulting in renal failure.
membranous glomerulonephritis a form characterized by proteinaceous deposits on the glomerular capillary basement membrane or by thickening of the membrane, with circulating antigen-antibody complexes indicating immune complex disease; it may be secondary to any of numerous other conditions. In some cases it may develop into the nephrotic syndrome. Called also membranous nephropathy.
mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis acute glomerulonephritis marked by a rapid progression to end-stage renal disease and histologically by profuse epithelial proliferation, often with epithelial crescents; principal signs are anuria, proteinuria, hematuria, and anemia. Plasmapheresis or high doses of corticosteroids may lead to recovery of renal function.
glomerulonephritis
a variety of nephritis characterized by inflammation of the capillary loops in the glomeruli of the kidney with secondary tubulointerstitial and vascular changes. It occurs in acute, subacute and chronic forms and may be secondary to infection or immune mechanisms.
immune-mediated glomerulonephritis
caused by deposition of immune complexes on the glomerular basement membrane or autoantibodies against the glomerular basement membrane.
lobular glomerulonephritis
a form in which all glomeruli are affected, with accentuation of the lobulation of the glomerular tufts; it is marked by constant proteinuria and microscopic hematuria.
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis
a chronic, slowly progressive glomerulonephritis in which the glomeruli are enlarged as a result of proliferation of mesangial cells and irregular thickening of the capillary walls, which narrows the capillary lumina; the onset is sudden, with hematuria, proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome and a persistent reduction in serum complement levels and deposition of activated complement components in the glomerular capillaries. Occurs in Finnish-Landrace sheep and is the most common glomerulopathy seen in dogs.
membranous glomerulonephritis
diffuse and irregular thickening of the basement membrane where there is diffuse granular deposition of immunoglobulin and complement. The most common type of glomerular disease in cats.
mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis
see membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (above).
proliferative glomerulonephritis
glomerular changes are principally those of cellular proliferation.
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