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Dermatitis
DefinitionDermatitis is a general term used to describe inflammation of the skin. DescriptionMost types of dermatitis are characterized by an itchy pink or red rash. Contact dermatitis is an allergic reaction to something that irritates the skin and is manifested by one or more lines of red, swollen, blistered skin that may itch or seep. It usually appears within 48 hours after touching or brushing against a substance to which the skin is sensitive. The condition is more common in adults than in children. Contact dermatitis can occur on any part of the body, but it usually affects the hands, feet, and groin. Contact dermatitis usually does not spread from one person to another, nor does it spread beyond the area exposed to the irritant unless affected skin comes into contact with another part of the body. However, in the case of some irritants, such as poison ivy, contact dermatitis can be passed to another person or to another part of the body. Stasis dermatitis is characterized by scaly, greasy looking skin on the lower legs and around the ankles. Stasis dermatitis is most apt to affect the inner side of the calf. Nummular dermatitis, which is also called nummular eczematous dermatitis or nummular eczema, generally affects the hands, arms, legs, and buttocks of men and women older than 55 years of age. This stubborn inflamed rash forms circular, sometimes itchy, patches and is characterized by flares and periods of inactivity. Atopic dermatitis is characterized by itching, scaling, swelling, and sometimes blistering. In early childhood it is called infantile eczema and is characterized by redness, oozing, and crusting. It is usually found on the face, inside the elbows, and behind the knees. Seborrheic dermatitis may be dry or moist and is characterized by greasy scales and yellowish crusts on the scalp, eyelids, face, external surfaces of the ears, underarms, breasts, and groin. In infants it is called "cradle cap." Causes and symptomsAllergic reactions are genetically determined, and different substances cause contact dermatitis to develop in different people. A reaction to resin produced by poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac is the most common source of symptoms. It is, in fact, the most common allergy in this country, affecting one of every two people in the United States. Flowers, herbs, and vegetables can also affect the skin of some people. Burns and sunburn increase the risk of dermatitis developing, and chemical irritants that can cause the condition include:
Contact dermatitis can develop when the first contact occurs or after years of use or exposure. Stasis dermatitis, a consequence of poor circulation, occurs when leg veins can no longer return blood to the heart as efficiently as they once did. When that happens, fluid collects in the lower legs and causes them to swell. Stasis dermatitis can also result in a rash that can break down into sores known as stasis ulcers. The cause of nummular dermatitis is not known, but it usually occurs in cold weather and is most common in people who have dry skin. Hot weather and stress can aggravate this condition, as can the following:
Atopic dermatitis can be caused by allergies, asthma, or stress, and there seems to be a genetic predisposition for atopic conditions. It is sometimes caused by an allergy to nickel in jewelry. Seborrheic dermatitis (for which there may also be a genetic predisposition) is usually caused by overproduction of the oil glands. In adults it can be associated with diabetes mellitus or gold allergy. In infants and adults it may be caused by a biotin deficiency. DiagnosisThe diagnosis of dermatitis is made on the basis of how the rash looks and its location. The doctor may scrape off a small piece of affected skin for microscopic examination or direct the patient to discontinue use of any potential irritant that has recently come into contact with the affected area. Two weeks after the rash disappears, the patient may resume use of the substances, one at a time, until the condition recurs. Eliminating the substance most recently added should eliminate the irritation. If the origin of the irritation has still not been identified, a dermatologist may perform one or more patch tests. This involves dabbing a small amount of a suspected irritant onto skin on the patient's back. If no irritation develops within a few days, another patch test is performed. The process continues until the patient experiences an allergic reaction at the spot where the irritant was applied. TreatmentTreating contact dermatitis begins with eliminating or avoiding the source of irritation. Prescription or over-the-counter corticosteroid creams can lessen inflammation and relieve irritation. Creams, lotions, or ointments not specifically formulated for dermatitis can intensify the irritation. Oral antihistamines are sometimes recommended to alleviate itching, and antibiotics are prescribed if the rash becomes infected. Medications taken by mouth to relieve symptoms of dermatitis can make skin red and scaly and cause hair loss. Patients who have a history of dermatitis should remove their rings before washing their hands. They should use bath oils or glycerine-based soaps and bathe in lukewarm saltwater. Patting rather than rubbing the skin after bathing and thoroughly massaging lubricating lotion or nonprescription cortisone creams into still-damp skin can soothe red, irritated nummular dermatitis. Highly concentrated cortisone preparations should not be applied to the face, armpits, groin, or rectal area. Periodic medical monitoring is necessary to detect side effects in patients who use such preparations on rashes covering large areas of the body. Coal-tar salves can help relieve symptoms of nummular dermatitis that have not responded to other treatments, but these ointments have an unpleasant odor and stain clothing. Patients who have stasis dermatitis should elevate their legs as often as possible and sleep with a pillow between the lower legs. Tar or zinc paste may also be used to treat stasis dermatitis. Because these compounds must remain in contact with the rash for as long as two weeks, the paste and bandages must be applied by a nurse or a doctor. Coal-tar shampoos may be used for seborrheic dermatitis that occurs on the scalp. Sun exposure after the use of these shampoos should be avoided because the risk of sunburn of the scalp is increased. Alternative treatmentSome herbal therapies can be useful for skin conditions. Among the herbs most often recommended are:
Contact dermatitis can be treated botanically and homeopathically. Grindelia (Grindelia spp.) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum) can help when applied topically. Determining the source of the problem and eliminating it is essential. Oatmeal baths are very helpful in relieving the itch. Bentonite clay packs or any mud pack draws the fluid out and helps dry up the lesions. Cortisone creams are not recommended. Stasis dermatitis should be treated by a trained practitioner. This condition responds well to topical herbal therapies, however, the cause must also be addressed. Selenium-based shampoos, topical applications of flax oil and/or olive oil, and biotin supplementation are among the therapies recommended for seborrheic dermatitis. PrognosisDermatitis is often chronic, but symptoms can generally be controlled. PreventionContact dermatitis can be prevented by avoiding the source of irritation. If the irritant cannot be avoided completely, the patient should wear gloves and other protective clothing whenever exposure is likely to occur. Immediately washing the exposed area with soap and water can stem allergic reactions to poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac, but because soaps can dry the skin, patients susceptible to dermatitis should use them only on the face, feet, genitals, and underarms. Clothing should be loose fitting and 100% cotton. New clothing should be washed in dye-free, unscented detergent before being worn. Injury to the lower leg can cause stasis dermatitis to ulcerate (form open sores). If stasis ulcers develop, a doctor should be notified immediately. Avoidance of sweating may aid in preventing seborrheic dermatitis. A patient who has dermatitis should also notify a doctor if any of the following occurs:
ResourcesOther"Allergic Contact Dermatitis." The Skin Site. April 10, 1998 (January 11, 2006). http://www.skinsite.com/info_allergic.htm. Key termsAllergic reaction — An inappropriate or exaggerated genetically determined reaction to a chemical that occurs only on the second or subsequent exposures to the offending agent, after the first contact has sensitized the body. Corticosteriod — A group of synthetic hormones that are used to prevent or reduce inflammation. Toxic effects may result from rapid withdrawal after prolonged use or from continued use of large doses. Patch test — A skin test that is done to identify allergens. A suspected substance is applied to the skin. After 24-48 hours, if the area is red and swollen, the test is positive for that substance. If no reaction occurs, another substance is applied. This is continued until the patient experiences an allergic reaction where the irritant was applied to the skin. Rash — A spotted, pink or red skin eruption that may be accompanied by itching and is caused by disease, contact with an allergen, food ingestion, or drug reaction. Ulcer — An open sore on the skin, resulting from tissue destruction, that is usually accompanied by redness, pain, or infection.
dermatitis /der·ma·ti·tis/ (der″mah-ti´tis) pl. dermati´tides inflammation of the skin. actinic dermatitis dermatitis due to exposure to actinic radiation, such as that from the sun, ultraviolet waves, or x- or gamma radiation. allergic dermatitis 1. atopic d. allergic contact dermatitis contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization. ammonia dermatitis diaper dermatitis attributed to skin irritation, due to the ammonia decomposition products of urine. atopic dermatitis a chronic inflammatory, pruritic, eczematous skin disorder in individuals with a hereditary predisposition to cutaneous pruritus; often accompanied by allergic rhinitis, hay fever, and asthma. berlock dermatitis , berloque dermatitis dermatitis of the neck, face, or chest, with patches or streaks, caused by exposure to perfume or other toilet articles containing bergamot oil and then to sunlight. cercarial dermatitis swimmers' itch. contact dermatitis acute or chronic dermatitis caused by substances contacting the skin; it may involve allergic or nonallergic mechanisms. diaper dermatitis diaper rash. dermatitis exfoliati´va neonato´rum staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. exfoliative dermatitis virtually universal erythema, desquamation, scaling, and itching of the skin, with loss of hair. dermatitis herpetifor´mis pruritic chronic dermatitis with successive groups of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, eczematous, or bullous lesions, usually associated with asymptomatic gluten-sensitive enteropathy. infectious eczematous dermatitis a pustular eczematoid eruption arising from a primary lesion that is the source of an infectious exudate. insect dermatitis a transient skin eruption caused by the toxin-containing irritant hairs of insects such as certain moths and their caterpillars. irritant dermatitis a nonallergic type of contact dermatitis due to exposure to a substance that damages the skin. livedoid dermatitis local pain, swelling, livedoid changes, and increased temperature; due to temporary or prolonged local ischemia from vasculitis or from accidental arterial obliteration during intragluteal administration of medications. meadow dermatitis , meadow-grass dermatitis phytophotodermatitis with eruption of vesicles and bullae in streaks or other configurations, caused by exposure to sunlight after contact with meadow grass. photoallergic contact dermatitis , photocontact dermatitis allergic contact dermatitis caused by the action of sunlight on skin sensitized by contact with substances such as halogenated salicylanilides, sandalwood oil, or hexachlorophene. phototoxic dermatitis erythema followed by hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed areas of the skin, due to exposure to agents containing photosensitizing substances, such as coal tar and psoralen-containing perfumes, drugs, or plants, and then to sunlight. poison ivy dermatitis , poison oak dermatitis, poison sumac dermatitis allergic contact dermatitis due to exposure to plants of the genus Rhus, which contain urushiol, a skin-sensitizing agent. radiation dermatitis radiodermatitis. rat mite dermatitis that due to a bite of the rat-mite, Ornithonyssus bacoti. dermatitis re´pens acrodermatitis continua. schistosome dermatitis swimmer's itch. seborrheic dermatitis , dermatitis seborrhe´ica chronic pruritic dermatitis with erythema, scaling, and yellow crust on areas such as the scalp, with exfoliation of excessive dandruff. stasis dermatitis chronic eczematous dermatitis due to venous insufficiency, initially on the inner aspect of the lower leg above the internal malleolus, sometimes spreading over the lower leg, marked by edema, pigmentation, and often ulceration. swimmers' dermatitis see under itch. uncinarial dermatitis ground itch. x-ray dermatitis radiodermatitis.
dermatitis [dur′mətī′tis] Etymology: Gk, derma + itis, inflammation an inflammatory condition of the skin. Various cutaneous eruptions occur and may be unique to a particular allergen, disease, or infection. The condition may be chronic or acute; treatment is specific to the cause. Some kinds of dermatitis are actinic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, rhus dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis. dermatitis, n inflammatory skin condition. Severity, duration, and treatment depend on the type (i.e., contact dermatitis and actinic dermatitis).
dermatitis (durm n an inflammation of the skin. dermatitis, allergic contact, n the reaction of the skin to direct contact with a specific antigen. Poison ivy rash is a common example of an allergic contact dermatitis. dermatitis, atopic (ātō´pik), n an atopic eczema characterized by the distinctive phenomenon of atopy, a familial related allergic response associated with IgE antibody. dermatitis, contact, n a delayed type of induced sensitivity (allergy) of the skin with varying degrees of erythema, edema, and vesiculation, resulting from cutaneous contact with a specific allergen. It is an occupational hazard in dentistry. dermatitis herpetiformis n dermatitis characterized by grouped, erythematous, papular, vesicular, pustular, or bullous lesions occurring in various combinations, often accompanied by vesicobullous and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa. dermatitis infectiosa eczematoides (Engman's disease), n a pustular eczematous eruption that frequently follows or occurs coincidentally with some pyogenic process. dermatitis, occupational, n a contact dermatitis associated with allergens found in the workplace. dermatitis, radiation, n an inflammation of the skin resulting from a high dose of radiation. The reaction varies with the quality and quantity of radiation used and is usually transitory. dermatitis, seborrheic
n a chronic inflammatory skin disease that can affect the scalp, face, ears, armpits, breasts, and groin. Its symptoms include moist, greasy, or dry scaling and patches of yellowish crust. Although the cause is unknown, it can be treated with selenium sulfide shampoos, topical antibiotics, and topical and oral corticosteroids. dermatitis inflammation of the skin. Dermatitis can result from various animal, vegetable and chemical substances, from heat or cold, from mechanical irritation, from certain forms of malnutrition, or from infectious disease. actinobacillary dermatitis rare disease in cattle; large ulcers discharging yellow pus or nodules, on lymphatics with local lymph node enlargement. acute moist dermatitis a superficial bacterial infection of the skin, usually caused by self-trauma, i.e. scratching, rubbing, biting. In dogs, ectoparasites, otitis, anal sacculitis and pruritic skin diseases are common precipitating causes. Affected skin is moist, weeping, and has a covering of matted haircoat and dried exudate. Staphylococcus spp. are usually present. Called also pyotraumatic dermatitis, 'hot spots'. allergic contact dermatitis allergic inhalant dermatitis see canine atopy. atopic dermatitis see canine atopy. cercarial dermatitis see trichobilharzia. cheyletiella dermatitis see cheyletiella. contagious pustular dermatitis of sheep see contagious ecthyma. coronet dermatitis part of several infectious mucosal diseases of cattle; also in equine pemphigus. dermatitis crustosa exudative epidermitis. elaeophorial dermatitis see elaeophoriasis. equine contagious pustular dermatitis see canadian horsepox. equine exfoliative eosinophilic dermatitis characterized by infiltration of eosinophils and granulomatous inflammation with ulcerative stomatitis and wasting; suspected of being a hypersensitivity to Strongylus equinus larvae. equine staphylococcal dermatitis see equine staphylococcal dermatitis. exudative dermatitis of pigs see exudative epidermitis. feline miliary dermatitis a papular, crusting skin disease located predominantly on the back, with varying degrees of pruritus. Ectoparasites, food and drug allergy, and infection by fungi or bacteria are among the many possible causes. Called also scabby cat disease. feline psychogenic dermatitis see idopathic hyperesthesia syndrome. feline solar dermatitis see solar dermatitis (below). fibrosing dermatitis dermatitis sufficiently severe to affect deep layers of the dermis results in scarring of the skin due to excessive fibrous tissue formation. filarial dermatitis fold dermatitis moisture, friction and secondary infection in body folds such as facial fold in brachycephalic dog breeds, tail fold in dog breeds with extremely short, often screw, tails, lip fold in spaniel breeds, perivulvar fold in obese bitches, and all over the body in the Shar pei. grain itch mite dermatitis a transient, superficial dermatitis, mostly about the head in horses; may be all over the body in pigs. Caused by pediculoides ventricosus or tyroglyphus. granular dermatitis swamp cancer. dermatitis herpetiformis chronic dermatitis in humans marked by successive crops of grouped, symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, eczematous or bullous lesions, accompanied by itching and burning; a granular deposition of IgA immunoglobulin around the lesion almost always occurs. Occurs rarely in dogs. idiopathic caprine dermatitis alopecic, exudative dermatitis of pygmy goats. infectious dermatitis of piglets see contagious porcine pyoderma. inhalant dermatitis see canine atopy. interdigital dermatitis see interdigital dermatitis. interface dermatitis a histopathological pattern of inflammatory skin disease with the dermoepidermal junction obscured by hydropic degeneration and/or lichenoid cellular infiltrate. intertriginous dermatitis see fold dermatitis (above). intraepidermal pustular dermatitis see equine allergic dermatitis. lipfold dermatitis see fold dermatitis (above). Malassezia dermatitis a pruritic, seborrheic skin disease of dogs, particularly some breeds including West Highland white terriers, Shetland sheepdogs, Poodles, and Cocker spaniels, and rarely cats, caused by colonization of the skin by the yeast, Malassezia pachydermatis. There is usually an underlying cause such as atopy or bacterial pyoderma. mammary pustular dermatitis dermatitis medicamentosa an eruption or solitary skin lesion caused by a drug taken internally. miliary dermatitis see feline miliary dermatitis (above). moist dermatitis of rabbits the rabbit's pendulous dewlap keeps getting wet and develops a moist dermatitis as a result. Called also slobbers, wet dewlap. mycotic dermatitis see mycotic dermatitis. nasal solar dermatitis see solar dermatitis (below), collie nose. ovine interdigital dermatitis see ovine footrot. ovine staphylococcal dermatitis ulcerative dermatitis of the face of adult sheep and young lambs caused by a dermatopathic strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Called also ovine staphylococcal pyoderma. pastern dermatitis see greasy heel. pelodera dermatitis caused by larvae of the free-living nematode Pelodera strongyloides and characterized by alopecia, itching, thick, scurfy skin and 0.5 inch diameter pustules which contain the larvae. photocontact dermatitis allergic contact dermatitis caused by the action of sunlight on skin sensitized by contact with a substance capable of causing this reaction. photosensitive dermatitis plastic dish dermatitis a contact dermatitis caused by plastic feeding dishes to which a dog is allergic. porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis see pityriasis rosea. potato dermatitis see potato dermatitis. primary-irritant dermatitis contact dermatitis (see above) induced by a substance acting as an irritant rather than as a sensitizer or allergen. proliferative dermatitis see strawberry footrot. psoriaform, psoriasiform dermatitis of swine see pityriasis rosea. pyotraumatic dermatitis see acute moist dermatitis (above). dermatitis-pyrexia-hemorrhage syndrome a pruritic, papulocrustous dermatitis in dairy cows which is accompanied by fever and hemorrage from the nose and anus. It is believed to be caused by a toxin. rhabditic dermatitis see pelodera dermatitis (above). seasonal allergic dermatitis seborrheic dermatitis, dermatitis seborrheica a chronic, usually pruritic, dermatitis with erythema, dry, moist or greasy scaling, and yellow crusted patches on various areas, with exfoliation of an excessive amount of dry scales (dandruff) or encrustations of sebum on the skin. See also exudative epidermitis (pigs), greasy heel (horses), flexural seborrhea (cows). solar dermatitis a chronic, inflammatory reaction on white or lightly pigmented and exposed skin caused by sunlight. Most commonly seen on the ear tips, nose and eyelids of white cats and the nose of collie dogs or related breeds. Squamous cell carcinomas sometimes develop in affected skin. Called also nasal solar dermatitis, actinic dermatitis. See also collie nose. spongiotic dermatitis perivascular inflammation with spongiosis. summer dermatitis see equine allergic dermatitis. superficial pustular dermatitis immature dogs may develop pustules on the inguinal or axillary skin, often in association with poor nutrition, systemic infection, or parasitism. In kittens, these may occur on the neck, caused by 'mouthing' by the queen. trefoil dermatitis see trefoil dermatitis. tyroglyphid dermatitis see tyroglyphus. unilateral papular dermatitis a disease of horses characterized by the appearance of many nodules or papules on one side of the neck and body. The lesions are eosinophilic folliculitis and perifolliculitis. The etiology and the unilateral distribution of the lesions are unexplained. ventral midline dermatitis small ulcers with hemorrhagic crusts and hair loss, located on the abdomen, particularly around the umbilicus, of horses; caused by biting flies and gnats. vesicular dermatitis see avian vesicular dermatitis. viral contagious dermatitis see contagious ecthyma. viral papular dermatitis x-ray dermatitis
radiodermatitis. eczema An inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by a rash of red spots, rough scaling, dryness and soreness of the skin sometimes leading to the formation of blisters. It often gives rise to itching or to a burning sensation. It may occur on the skin of the face where parts of spectacles rest. Frames should be cleaned regularly to avoid causing skin irritation. Syn. contact dermatitis.
dermatitis Inflammation of the skin. See Allergic contact dermatitis, Atopic dermatitis, Caterpillar dermatitis, 'Club Med, ' Contact dermatitis, Diaper dermatitis, Estrogen dermatitis, Herpetic dermatitis, Hot tub dermatitis, Neurodermatitis, Seborrheic dermatitis, Stasis dermatitis. Patient discussion about dermatitis. Q. I have atopic dermatitis and its been out of control : ( i was wondering any suggestions what to do? This past year i have experienced 2 bacterial infections due to my open soars as well as a viral infection in which i was hospitalized. im so fusterated and scared i dont know what to do.. i personally dont think that creams and ointments work all that well. From what i have gathered eczema comes from the inside out? :S i also have allergies i tend to be allergic to everything environmental, animals dust, mold, as well as oral allergy syndrom to alot of foods. which is very difficult. i have been to numerous doctors and specialsist and they dont know what to do. the next step is to put me on an oral medication, sure it prevents it from coming but there are also alot of disadvantages to taking the pill. They also wanted me to go for uvb lights which are knowen to treat psriosis, which personalyy i dont feel it helps me ..realie.. eczema and psriosis are 2 totally diff skin diseases.. someone . PLEASEE HELP .. : ) A. this actualy works.. one tsp. of apple cider vinegar per day diluted in alot of water or apple juice. my son who is 3 yrs. old had horrible sores from ecsima and it was cleared up within 2 wks. he had been struggling with the condition his whole life and now he has been clear for 6mos. topically applied it burns like hell so dont apply it topically untill after the first week of treatment with dilution of water taken internally. by then the sores and itching should be gone.. don't do steroide cream unless necessary, the side affects greatly out weigh the potential good. i sincerely hope this helps you. let me know.. Q. My son has atopic dermatitis that is treated with topical cream. Is he in a greater risk for other diseases? My 1 year old son has atopic dermatitis. We treat him with topical cream and he is getting better. What kind of a diseases is this? Is he in a greater risk for other diseases because of his skin lesions? A. Your son has an increased risk for other diseases. this is not because of his skin lesions but because of the base pathology of his diseases. Atopic dermatitis is an immunological disease and someone that has it is in a greater risk to have other immunological diseases. It is not connected to how much you care for him or how much you keep him clean. My little brother had atopic dermatitis when he was 9 months old and now he is 12 years old and he is healthy Q. What are the causes of dermatitis herpetiformis? A. Dermatitis herpetiformis is an autoimmune disease that causes clusters of extremely itchy blisters on the skin. The autoimmune system normally protects the body from infection and disease. When the autoimmune system malfunctions, something triggers the body to generate an immune response against itself. Dermatitis herpetiformis is caused by proteins called glutens found in foods containing wheat, barley, or rye. Normally, the immune system sends antibodies to attack foreign invaders in the body, such as infections. However, in people with dermatitis herpetiformis, the glutens trigger the immune system to attack the patient’s own skin. For the full article: http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/d/dermatitisherpetiformis.htm Read more or ask a question about dermatitisThis may help also: http://www.bestincosmetics.com/skin-disorders/dermatitis_herpetiformis.htm http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/d/dermatitis_herpetiformis/intro.htm Hope this helps. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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