kidney /kid·ney/ (kid´ne) either of the two organs in the lumbar region that filter the blood, excreting the end-products of body metabolism in the form of urine, and regulating the concentrations of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, phosphate, and other ions in the extracellular fluid.
artificial kidney,
abdominal kidney an ectopic kidney just above the iliac crest.
amyloid kidney one with renal amyloidosis.
artificial kidney an extracorporeal device through which blood may be circulated for removal of elements that normally are excreted in the urine; a hemodialyzer.
cake kidney a solid, irregularly lobed organ of bizarre shape, formed by fusion of the two renal anlagen.
cicatricial kidney a shriveled, irregular, and scarred kidney due to suppurative pyelonephritis.
fatty kidney one with fatty degeneration.
flea-bitten kidney one with scattered petechiae on its surface.
floating kidney nephroptosis.
fused kidney a single anomalous organ developed as a result of fusion of the renal anlagen.
head kidney pronephros.
horseshoe kidney an anomaly in which the right and left kidneys are linked at one end by tissue.
hypermobile kidney nephroptosis.
lumbar kidney an ectopic kidney found opposite the sacral promontory in the iliac fossa, anterior to the iliac vessels.
lump kidney cake k.
medullary sponge kidney a usually asymptomatic, congenital condition in which small cystic dilatations of the collecting tubules of the renal medulla give the kidney a spongy feeling and appearance.
middle kidney mesonephros.
pelvic kidney an ectopic kidney found opposite the sacrum and below the aortic bifurcation.
polycystic kidneys see polycystic kidney disease, under disease.
primordial kidney pronephros.
sigmoid kidney an anomaly in which the two kidneys are fused in the form of a capital Greek letter sigma.
sponge kidney medullary sponge k.
thoracic kidney an ectopic kidney that protrudes above the diaphragm into the posterior mediastinum.
waxy kidney amyloid k.
| artificial kidney n. See hemodialyzer. |
artificial kidney,
a device used to remove the body waste, commonly excreted in urine, from circulating blood. It usually consists of a set of tubes or catheters that pass the blood through a dialysate solution where wastes are removed by osmosis and diffusion. Also called dialyzer, hemodialyzer, kidney machine. See also hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis.
artificial
made by art; not natural or pathological.
artificial abortion
see parturition induction.
artificial bone
see skeletal prosthesis.
artificial breeding
includes diagnosis of estrus, semen collection and handling, and artificial insemination (see below).
artificial breeding organization
a proprietary or cooperative organization dealing in the selection, purchase and maintenance of selected sires, mass collection, storage and sale of semen, employment of artificial inseminators, and often veterinarians skilled in the diseases of the reproductive tract, and the provision of artificial insemination services to individual cows and to herds, flocks or bands of animals. The responsibility is usually assumed for the keeping of complete records and the provision of these to clients and in the form of a periodic report. It is inherent in the animal industries that artificial breeding has as its objectives the genetic improvement and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases of the species that it serves. Embryo transplantation and its attendant technologies could become part of an artificial breeding service.
artificial digestion for trichinosis
a sample of the meat to be examined is incubated with a mixture of pepsin and hydrochloric acid and the digesta examined under a microscope for specimens of Trichinella spiralis.
artificial drying
drying or dehydrating of feed by other than natural means of sun and air movement; usually by fossil fuel.
artificial kidney
a popular name for an extracorporeal hemodialyser.
artificial limb
a replacement for a natural limb. See also prosthesis.
artificial milk
see milk replacer.
artificial organ
a mechanical device that can substitute temporarily or permanently for a body organ. Not usually used in veterinary medicine.
artificial parturition induction
see parturition induction.
artificial rearing
the rearing of newborn animals by the use of milk replacer as an artificial diet, and often the provision of an artificial environment with a cloth-lined box and a heat lamp or other heating device. The provision of an appropriate amount of relevant antibodies or a prolonged course of antibiotics is an essential part of the program. The need may be a permanent one because of the death or complete agalactia of the dam, or because management insists on early weaning. It may be temporary if the dam is agalactic for a brief period because of illness.
artificial vagina
a device used in the collection of semen from male animals. The usual construction is of a rigid external tube lined by a flexible, thin rubber sleeve. Water at body temperature is introduced between the tube and the sleeve so as to achieve a spongy warm cavity which is lubricated with inert material. A rubber cone, terminating in a graduated plastic or glass collecting tube, is placed over the distal end of the device which is then ready to use.
kidney
either of the two organs in the lumbar region that filter the blood, excreting the end-products of body metabolism in the form of urine, and regulating the concentrations of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, phosphate and other ions in the extracellular fluid. Bean-shaped in the dog, cat, sheep and laboratory animals, lobed in the ox and some fetal animals such as the horse; irregularly lobed in birds. See also renal.
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Dog kidney. By permission from Sack W, Wensing CJG, Dyce KM, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, Saunders, 2002
artificial kidney
an extracorporeal device used as a substitute for nonfunctioning kidneys to remove endogenous metabolites from the blood, or as an emergency measure to remove exogenous poisons such as barbiturates. Called also hemodialyzer.
balloon kidney
meat hygiene term for cystic kidney.
basal lamina kidney
part of the filtration barrier of the kidney; is much thicker than most basal laminae.
cake kidney
a solid, irregularly lobed organ of bizarre shape, formed by fusion of the two renal anlagen. Called also lump kidney.
cicatricial kidney
a shriveled, irregular and scarred kidney due to suppurative pyelonephritis.
contracted kidney
an atrophic kidney that may be scarred and granular.
duplicate kidney
occurs in most species, without apparent increase in total renal mass.
enlarged kidney
may be due to polycystic kidney disease, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis or congenital absence of one kidney resulting in hypertrophy of the other.
fatty kidney
one affected with fatty degeneration.
floating kidney
one that is freely movable, especially a human kidney (normally more firmly fixed than those in quadrupeds); called also hypermobile kidney. See also nephroptosis.
)
Bovine kidney. By permission from Sack W, Wensing CJG, Dyce KM, Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, Saunders, 2002
fused kidney
a single anomalous organ developed as a result of fusion of the renal anlagen.
giant kidney worm
dioctophymerenale.
Goldblatt kidney
one with obstruction of its blood flow, resulting in renal hypertension. Produced experimentally in dogs.
horseshoe kidney
an anomalous organ resulting from fusion of the corresponding poles of the renal anlagen.
hypermobile kidney
one that is freely movable; called also floating kidney. See also nephroptosis.
lump kidney
cake kidney.
kidney meridian points
acupuncture points on the kidney meridian.
pelvic kidney
a kidney which has failed to ascend from its primordial site to the roof of the abdomen.
polycystic kidney disease
the most common congenital renal defect but most cases are sporadic and do not cause clinical illness because there is still sufficient renal mass to avoid uremia. In some cases the enlarged kidney is detected incidentally during a clinical examination. Rarely both kidneys are badly involved and the animal is dead at birth or dies soon afterwards. In some cases, there are signs of progressive renal failure, perhaps not until later in life. The defect is inherited in Persian cats, Cairn terriers and pigs. In Cairn terriers, cysts may also occur in the liver. See also feline perirenal cysts.
pulpy kidney disease
see Clostridium perfringensenterotoxemia.
kidney scan
radioimaging of a kidney by the use of a rectilinear scanner after the intravenous administration of a radiopaque material.
kidney stones
see urolithiasis.
supernumerary kidney
additional kidneys which develop as a consequence of two ureteric buds arising from one mesonephric duct so that two kidneys develop on the one side.
kidney transplant
commonly and successfully performed in experimental dogs. Increasingly used as a therapeutic procedure in clinical veterinary medicine for renal failure in cats and dogs.
turkey egg kidney
a speckled pattern caused by hemorrhagic glomeruli in diseases such as porcine erysipelas.
wandering kidney
floating or hypermobile kidney. See also nephroptosis.
waxy kidney
amyloid kidney.
white-spotted kidney
focal nonsuppurative interstitial nephritis, seen most commonly in calves.
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