Joint (redirected from joint diarthrosis)

joint (joint) the site of junction or union between bones, especially one that allows motion of the bones.

Various kinds of joints. Fibrous: A, syndesmosis (tibiofibular); B, suture (skull). Cartilaginous: C, symphysis (vertebral bodies); D, synchondrosis (first rib and sternum). Synovial: E, condyloid (wrist); F, gliding (radioulnar); G, hinge or ginglymus (elbow); H, ball and socket (hip); I, saddle (carpometacarpal of thumb); J, pivot (atlantoaxial).

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amphidiarthrodial joint  amphidiarthrosis.

arthrodial joint  plane j.

ball-and-socket joint  spheroidal j.

biaxial joint  one with two chief axes of movement, at right angles to each other.

bicondylar joint  a condylar joint with a meniscus between the articular surfaces, such as the temporomandibular joint.

bilocular joint  one with two synovial compartments separated by an interarticular cartilage.

cartilaginous joint  a type of synarthrosis in which the bones are united by cartilage.

Charcot's joint  neuropathic arthropathy.

Chopart's joint  one between the calcaneus and the cuboid bone and the talus and navicular bone.

cochlear joint  a hinge joint that permits some rotation or lateral motion.

composite joint , compound joint one in which several bones articulate.

condylar joint , condyloid joint ellipsoidal joint; one in which an ovoid head of one bone moves in an elliptical cavity of another, permitting all movements except axial rotation.

diarthrodial joint  synovial j.

elbow joint  the articulation between the humerus, ulna, and radius.

ellipsoidal joint  condylar j.

enarthrodial joint  spheroidal j.

facet joints  the articulations of the vertebral column.

false joint  pseudarthrosis.

fibrocartilaginous joint  symphysis.

fibrous joint  a type of synarthrosis in which the bones are united by continuous intervening fibrous tissue.

flail joint  an unusually mobile joint.

ginglymoid joint  ginglymus.

gliding joint  plane j.

hinge joint  ginglymus.

hip joint  the spheroidal joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone.

immovable joint  fibrous j.

intercarpal joints  the articulations between the carpal bones.

knee joint  the compound joint between the femur, patella, and tibia.

Lisfranc's joint  the articulation between the tarsal and metatarsal bones.

mixed joint  one combining features of different types of joints.

multiaxial joint  spheroidal j.

neurocentral joint  a synchondrosis between the body of a vertebra and either half of the vertebral arch.

peg-and-socket joint  gomphosis.

pivot joint  a uniaxial joint in which one bone pivots within a bony or an osseoligamentous ring.

plane joint  a synovial joint in which the opposed surfaces are flat or only slightly curved.

polyaxial joint  spheroidal j.

rotary joint  pivot j.

saddle joint  one having two saddle-shaped surfaces at right angles to each other.

simple joint  one in which only two bones articulate.

spheroidal joint  ball-and-socket joint; a synovial joint in which a round surface on one bone (“ball”) moves within a concavity (“socket”) on the other bone.

spiral joint  cochlear j.

synarthrodial joint  fibrous j.

synovial joint  diarthrosis; a joint that permits more or less free motion, the union of the bony elements being surrounded by an articular capsule enclosing a cavity lined by synovial membrane.

temporomandibular joint  a bicondylar joint formed by the head of the mandible and the mandibular fossa, and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

trochoid joint  pivot j.

uniaxial joint  one which permits movement in one axis only.

unilocular joint  a synovial joint having only one cavity.

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joint (joint) n. A point of articulation between two or more bones, especially such a connection that allows motion.

joint Top: hip ball-and-socket joint joint Bottom: anterior view of knee joint

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Joint

The point where bones meet. Arthroscopic surgery is used on joint problems.

Mentioned in: Arthroscopic Surgery, Joint Biopsy, Juvenile Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis

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joint,

n a point of articulation between bones.

joint capsule,

n two-layered structure that surrounds, supports, and lubricates synovial joints.

joint centration (jointˑ sen·trāˑ·shn),

n a neutral positioning of a joint by which maximum equilibrium exists between the surfaces and the tension or length relationships of antagonist muscles are stabilized.

joint kinesthetic receptors (jointˑ kiˈ·nis·theˈ·tik r·sepˈ·terz),

n pressure receptors in the capsules of joints. They are sensitive to the motion, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint.

joint range,

n the complete range of motion measured with a tape measure or a goniometer. In most cases, a practitioner determines the range by visual examination.

joint, ball-and-socket,

n joints such as the coxa or glenohumeral that consist of a knoblike ball of bone rotating in a smooth, concavity of bone, thus allowing full range of movement. Also called
triaxial joint.

joint, sacroiliac (saˈ·krō·iˑ·lē·ak jointˑ),

n the pelvic joint which connects the sacrum and the ilium. It is supported by the hamstring muscles and can be adversely affected by weaknesses or dysfunction in them.

joints, ellipsoidal (iˈ·lip·soiˑ·dl jointsˑ),

n.pl joints similar to the ball and socket joints; allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and some rotation. Also called
biaxial or
condyloid joints.

joints, saddle,

n.pl joints that permit all movements with limited rotation. Also called
biaxial joints.

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joint(s),

n the junction of union between two or more bones or cartilages of the skeleton.

joint(s), Charcot's

n a manifestation of late syphilis in which there is degeneration, hypertrophy, hypermobility, and loss of contour of a joint, usually a weight-bearing joint. It is most common in tabes dorsalis.

joint(s) diarthrosis

n a joint that moves freely in contact. The adjacent bone surfaces are typically covered by a film of cartilage and are bound by stout connective tissues, frequently enclosing a liquid-filled joint cavity.

joint(s) disease,

n an inflammatory, infectious, or functional disorder within a joint.

joint(s), hinge,

n See ginglymus.

joint(s) mice,

n cartilaginous material present in the synovial spaces of a joint.

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joint

the site of the junction or union of two or more bones of the body. See also arthritis. The primary functions of joints are to provide motion and flexibility to the skeletal frame, or to allow growth.

Some joints are immovable, such as certain fixed joints where segments of bone are fused together in the skull. Other joints, such as those between the vertebrae, have extremely limited motion. However, most joints allow considerable motion.

Many joints have a complex internal structure. They are composed not merely of ends of bones but also of ligaments, which are tough whitish fibers binding the bones together; cartilage, which is connective tissue, covering and cushioning the bone ends; the articular capsule, a fibrous tissue that encloses the ends of the bones; and the synovial membrane, which lines the capsule and secretes a lubricating fluid (synovia).

Joints are classified by variations in structure that make different kinds of movement possible. The movable joints are usually subdivided into hinge, pivot, gliding, ball-and-socket, condyloid and saddle joints.

For a complete named list of joints in the body see Table 11.

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arthrodial joint

gliding joint.

ball-and-socket joint

a synovial joint in which the rounded or spheroidal surface of one bone ('ball') moves within a cup-shaped depression ('socket') on another bone, allowing greater freedom of movement than any other type of joint. Called also spheroidal joint.

biaxial joint

permits movement around two axes.

cartilaginous joint

one in which the bones are united by cartilage, providing either slight flexible movement or allowing growth; it includes symphyses and synchondroses.

condyloid joint

one in which an ovoid head of one bone moves in an elliptical cavity of another, permitting all movements except axial rotation. Called also condylar joint.

congenital joint disease

see articular rigidity, joint hypermobility, arthrogryposis, contracture.

joint contracture

see contracture.

degenerative joint disease

a disease of the joints of all species and all ages but reaching a particularly high prevalence in pen-fed young bulls in which it is characterized by the sudden onset of lameness in a hindlimb, with pain and crepitus in the hip joint and rapid wasting of the muscles of the croup and thigh. There is a family predisposition to this degenerative arthropathy; it is exacerbated by a diet high in phosphorus and low in calcium and dense in energy so that the bull has a high body weight and is growing fast. The onset is acute and often precipitated by fighting or mating. The disease may not develop until 3 or 4 years of age in bulls that are reared at pasture. Called also coxofemoral arthropathy. See also hip dysplasia.

diarthrodial joint

synovial joint.

joint disease

see arthritis, arthropathy, joint-ill, ankylosis, articular rigidity.

ellipsoid joint

circumference of the joint is an ellipse with the articular surfaces longer in one direction than the other.

joint enlargement

includes arthritis, arthropathy, rickets.

facet j's

the synovial joints of the vertebral column between the neural arches.

fibrocartilaginous joint

a combination of fibrous and cartilaginous joints. Called also amphiarthrosis. Movement limited and variable.

fibrous joint

one in which the bones are connected by fibrous tissue; it includes suture, syndesmosis and gomphosis.

joint fixation

includes ankylosis, tendon contracture, arthrogryposis.

fixed joint

see synarthrosis.

flail joint

an unusually mobile joint.

fleshy joint

see sarcoarthrosis.

joint fusion

arthrodesis.

ginglymus joint

see hinge joint (below).

gliding joint

a synovial joint in which the opposed surfaces are flat or only slightly curved, so that the bones slide against each other in a simple and limited way. The synovial intervertebral joints are gliding joints, and many of the small bones of the carpus and tarsus meet in gliding joints. Called also arthrodial joint and plane joint.

hinge joint

a synovial joint that allows movement in only one plane, through the presence of a pair of collateral ligaments that run on either side of the joint. Examples are the elbow and the interphalangeal joints of the digits. The jaw is primarily a hinge joint, but it can also move somewhat from side to side. The carpal and tarsal joints are hinge joints that also allow some rotary movement. Called also ginglymus.

hip joint

the joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone; loosely called hip.

hyaline cartilage joint

see cartilaginous joint (above).

joint hyperextension

joint can be extended beyond the normal position.

joint hypermobility

usually a congenital defect with all joints affected. Degree varies from extreme, in which limbs can be tied in knots and animal unable to stand, to mild, in which the patient is able to walk but the gait is abnormal. There may be additional defects such as pink teeth lacking enamel and dermatosparaxis (hyperelastosis cutis). See also hereditary collagen dysplasia.

knee joint

1. the joint between the femur and tibia, fibula and patella.

2. in large ungulates the compound joint between the radius, ulna, carpus and metacarpus.

joint mouse

fragments of cartilage or bone that lie free in the joint space. See also joint mouse.

osseous joint

inflexible joint composed of bone; called also synostosis.

pivot joint

a joint in which one bone pivots within a bony or an osseoligamentous ring, allowing only rotary movement; an example is the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae (the atlas and axis).

plane joint

see gliding joint (above).

joint receptors

sensory nerve endings capable of detecting the position or angle of the joint.

saddle joint

the articulating surfaces are reciprocally saddle-shaped and permit movement of all kinds, though not rotation, e.g. interphalangeal joints in the dog.

spheroidal joint

see ball-and-socket joint (above).

synarthrodial joint

a fixed joint.

synovial joint

a specialized form of articulation permitting more or less free movement, the union of the bony elements being surrounded by an articular capsule enclosing a cavity lined by synovial membrane. Called also diarthrosis and diarthrodial joint.

trochoid joint

see pivot joint (above).

uniaxial joint

permits movement in one direction only.