interstitial nephritis

nephritis /ne·phri·tis/ (nĕ-fri´tis) pl. nephri´tides   [Gr.] inflammation of the kidney; a focal or diffuse proliferative or destructive disease that may involve the glomerulus, tubule, or interstitial renal tissue.

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glomerular nephritis  glomerulonephritis.

interstitial nephritis  primary or secondary disease of the renal interstitial tissue.

lupus nephritis  glomerulonephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

potassium-losing nephritis  see under uropathy.

radiation nephritis  kidney damage caused by ionizing radiation; symptoms include glomerular and tubular damage, hypertension, and proteinuria, sometimes leading to renal failure. It may be acute or chronic, and some varieties do not manifest until years after the radiation exposure.

salt-losing nephritis  see under nephropathy.

transfusion nephritis  nephropathy following transfusion from an incompatible donor.

tubulointerstitial nephritis  nephritis of the renal tubules and interstitial tissues, usually secondary to drug sensitization, systemic infection, graft rejection, or autoimmune disease. An acute type and a chronic type have been distinguished.

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interstitial nephritis

n.

Nephritis in which the interstitial connective tissue is chiefly affected.

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interstitial nephritis,

inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney, including the tubules. The condition may be acute or chronic. Acute interstitial nephritis is an immunologic adverse reaction to certain drugs, often sulfonamide or methicillin (allergic interstitial nephritis). Acute renal failure, fever, rash, and proteinuria are characteristic of this condition. Most people regain normal kidney function when the offending drug is discontinued. Chronic interstitial nephritis is a syndrome of interstitial inflammation and structural changes, sometimes associated with such conditions as ureteral obstruction, pyelonephritis, exposure of the kidney to a toxin, rejection of a transplant, and certain systemic diseases. Gradually renal failure, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, fatigue, and anemia develop. Acidosis and hyperkalemia may follow. The nurse watches carefully for signs of electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, and hypovolemia, especially if there is frequent vomiting. Fluids and electrolytes may be replaced intravenously. Treatment includes correction of the underlying cause. If the cause is an obstruction of the urinary tract, rapid recovery may follow removal of the obstruction. In other cases, hemodialysis and kidney transplantation may be necessary.

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interstitial

pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue.

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atypical interstitial pneumonia

see atypical interstitial pneumonia.

interstitial cell adenoma

see interstitial cell tumor (below).

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

luteinizing hormone.

interstitial cell

the cells of the connective tissue of the ovary or the testis (Leydig's cells), which furnish the internal secretion of those structures.

interstitial cell tumor

a common testicular tumor in old dogs. Most are benign and not associated with any major clinical disturbances but there may be concurrent perianal gland neoplasms, infertility and rarely feminization or viciousness. Called also Leydig cell tumor or interstitial cell adenoma.

interstitial edema

edema of the interstitial interlobular tissue in the lung.

interstitial emphysema

pulmonary emphysema with air accumulated in the interlobular connective tissue; characteristic of emphysema in cattle.

interstitial fluid

the extracellular fluid bathing cells in most tissues, excluding the fluid within the lymph and blood vessels.

interstitial gland

of the ovary, consisting of polyhedral epithelioid cells in the stroma of the ovary and have characteristics of cells which produce steroids.

interstitial nephritis

see nephritis.

interstitial fluid pressure

pressure exerted by the free interstitial fluid; if the pressure is negative this tends to suck fluid out of the vascular system and into the tissue space; if the pressure is greater than the intravascular pressure fluid tends to move out of the tissue space.

interstitial pneumonia

see pneumonia.

interstitial space

tissue space.

interstitial tissue

connective tissue between the cellular elements of a structure.

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nephritis

inflammation of the kidney; a focal or diffuse proliferative or destructive disease that may involve the glomerulus, tubule or interstitial renal tissue. See also glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis (below), nephrosis, pyelonephritis.

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autoimmune nephritis

see glomerulonephritis.

embolic nephritis

caused by infected emboli lodging in renal vessels. One or more abscesses may develop, causing signs referable to toxemia. There may be intermittent pyuria. Renal dysfunction is likely only if most of the renal mass is destroyed.

glomerular nephritis

see glomerulonephritis.

interstitial nephritis

a diffuse lesion characterized by interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, sometimes attributed to hematogenous infection with Leptospira spp. There is a secondary glomerular and vascular injury. It is manifested by polyuria, urine of low specific gravity, and terminal uremia.

lupus nephritis

glomerulonephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

parenchymatous nephritis

nephritis affecting the parenchyma of the kidney.

suppurative nephritis

a form accompanied by suppuration and abscessation of the kidney.

transfusion nephritis

nephropathy following transfusion from an incompatible donor.

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Interstitial nephritis

Tubulointerstitial nephritis Nephrology Inflammation of the space in and around the renal tubules; IN may be a transient drug response or chronic and progressive; it may accompany analgesic nephropathy and acute interstitial allergic nephritis Drugs linked to IN Antibiotics–penicillin, ampicillin, methicillin, sulfonamides, etc; NSAIDs, furosemide, thiazide diuretics Clinical IN ↓ renal function–from mild dysfunction to acute renal failure–ARF; ±1⁄2 of cases exhibit ↓ urine output and other signs of ARF–eg, failure to concentrate urine or regulate acid/base levels–resulting in metabolic acidosis, progression to ESRD. See Renal failure.