insulin shock

shock (shok)

1. a sudden disturbance of mental equilibrium.

2. a profound hemodynamic and metabolic disturbance due to failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion of vital organs.

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anaphylactic shock  see anaphylaxis.

cardiogenic shock  shock resulting from inadequate cardiac function, as from myocardial infarction or mechanical obstruction; characteristics include hypovolemia, hypotension, cold skin, weak pulse, and confusion.

endotoxin shock  septic shock due to release of endotoxins by gram-negative bacteria.

hypovolemic shock  shock due to insufficient blood volume, either from hemorrhage or other loss of fluid or from widespread vasodilation so that normal blood volume cannot maintain tissue perfusion; symptoms are like those of cardiogenic shock.

insulin shock  a hypoglycemic reaction to overdosage of insulin, a skipped meal, or strenuous exercise in an insulin-dependent diabetic, with tremor, dizziness, cool moist skin, hunger, and tachycardia, sometimes progressing to coma and convulsions.

septic shock  shock associated with overwhelming infection, most commonly infection with gram-negative bacteria, thought to result from the actions of endotoxins and other products of the infectious agent that cause sequestration of blood in the capillaries and veins.

serum shock  see anaphylaxis and see under sickness.

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insulin shock

n.

Acute hypoglycemia usually resulting from an overdose of insulin and characterized by sweating, trembling, dizziness, and, if left untreated, convulsions and coma.

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insulin shock,

a condition of severe hypoglycemia caused by an overdose of insulin, decreased intake of food, or excessive exercise. It is characterized by sweating, trembling, chilliness, nervousness, irritability, hunger, hallucination, numbness, and pallor. Uncorrected, it progresses to convulsions, coma, and death. Treatment requires an immediate dose of glucose orally or parenterally or glucagon IM or IV. Persons with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus should wear a bracelet (Medic-Alert) that indicates that they have the disease. Compare diabetic coma, ketoacidosis.

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insulin (obtained from beef or pork, or human recombinant technology),

n brand names: Velosulin, Humulin R, Novolin R, Lente Insulin;
drug class: exogenous insulin, antidiabetic;
action: decreases blood glucose; important in regulation of fat and protein metabolism;
uses: ketoacidosis; type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus; hyperkalemia; hyperalimentation.

insulin, exogenous

n a type that comes from a source external to a diabetic patient's body, taken to offset the patient's natural deficiency of insulin.

insulin, intermediate-acting,

n a type that is a medium between rapid-acting and long-acting insulins; the onset is not as fast as rapid-acting insulin, but it reaches its peak action over a 4- to 12-hour period.

insulin, Lente

n.pr an intermediate-acting type that reaches its peak action over a 4- to 12-hour period.

insulin, Lispro,

n.pr a rapid-acting type that reaches its peak action in 30 to 90 minutes.

insulin, long-acting,

n a type that has a slow onset but reaches its peak action from 12 to 16 hours after administration.

insulin, NPH,

n a synthetic type used to treat diabetes. Classified as intermediate acting; peak action occurs 4 to 10 hours after administering.

insulin, rapid-acting,

n a synthetic type of insulin used to treat diabetes. Reaches peak action 30 to 90 minutes after administering.

insulin, regular,

n a synthetic type used to treat diabetes. Classified as short acting; peak action occurs 2 to 3 hours after administering.

insulin resistance,

n a complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by a need for more than 200 units of insulin per day to control hyperglycemia and ketosis. The cause is associated with insulin binding by high levels of antibody.

insulin shock,

n See shock, insulin.

insulin, short-acting,

n a synthetic type used to treat diabetes. Reaches peak action 2 to 3 hours after administering. Also called
regular insulin.

insulin, ultralente

n a synthetic type used to treat diabetes. Classified as long acting, with peak action occurring 12 to 16 hours after administering.

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shock,

n 1. a state of collapse of the body after injury or trauma. Shock may be either primary or secondary. The principal effects of shock are slowing of the peripheral blood flow and reduction in cardiac output.
2. a circulatory insufficiency caused by a disparity between circulating blood volume and vascular capacity.

shock, galvanic,

n pain produced as a result of galvanic currents caused by similar or dissimilar metallic restorations.

shock, hemorrhagic,

n an ineffectual circulating volume of blood resulting from loss of whole blood.

shock, insulin,

n a coma resulting from too much insulin or an inadequate intake of food. Symptoms include wet or moist skin, hypersalivation or drooling, normal blood pressure, tremors, dilated pupils, normal or bounding pulse, and firm eyeballs. Sugar and acetoacetic acid may be present in bladder urine but are absent in the second specimen. The blood sugar is low (hypoglycemia). See also coma, diabetic.

shock, neurogenic,

n shock caused by loss of nervous control of peripheral vessels, resulting in an increase in the vascular capacity. Onset is usually sudden but is quickly reversible if the cause is removed and treatment is instituted immediately.

shock, primary,

n shock that has a neurogenic basis in which pain and psychic factors affect the vascular system. Occurs immediately after an injury.

shock, secondary,

n shock that occurs some time after the injury (6 to 24 hours later). It is associated with changes in capillary permeability and subsequent loss of plasma into the tissue spaces. Changes in capillary permeability are probably related to histamine release associated with tissue injury.

shock, traumatic,

n a shock produced by trauma, whether psychic or physical. In general usage, this term refers to shock following physical trauma, with hemorrhage, peripheral blood vessel dilation, and changes in capillary permeability.

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shock

a condition of acute peripheral circulatory failure due to derangement of circulatory control or loss of circulating fluid. It is marked by hypotension, coldness of the skin and tachycardia.

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allergic shock

see anaphylactic shock.

shock bodies

hyaline globules composed of fibrin degradation products which act as microthrombi and cause hemorrhage and necrosis.

burn shock

the loss and redistribution of fluid, electrolytes and plasma protein, increased blood viscosity and increased peripheral resistance that follow a severe burn contribute to shock.

cardiogenic shock

classically associated with acute myocardial infarction in humans; in animals may be caused by intrinsic congestive heart failure, cardiac depression caused by anesthetic overdosage or other drugs with negative inotropism, rarely, thromboembolism.

colloidoclastic shock

shock due to breakdown of the physical equilibrium of the body colloids. Thought to cause anaphylactic shock due to the absorption of the colloids into the bloodstream.

distributive shock

see vasogenic shock (below).

electric shock

see electrical injuries.

electroplectic shock

electric shock. See also electrical stunning.

endotoxic shock

caused by endotoxins, especially Escherichia coli. See also toxemic shock.

shock gut

animals in shock develop changes in the gut including congestion and hemorrhage into the lumen.

hypovolemic shock

shock due to reduced blood volume as a result of water deprivation, fluid loss due to diarrhea, vomiting, extensive burns, intestinal obstruction, whole blood loss.

insulin shock

a condition of circulatory insufficiency resulting from overdosage with insulin, which causes too sudden reduction of blood sugar. It is marked by tremor, weakness, convulsions and collapse.

irreversible shock

shock which has reached the stage where irreparable damage has been done to tissues, e.g. liver, kidneys and treatment will not salvage the patient although it might prolong life for a long time.

shock lung

animals in shock due to massive burns, septicemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute viral or bacterial pneumonias or trauma develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome. The pulmonary lesion is a nonspecific acute or subacute interstitial pneumonia.

nervous shock

a temporary cessation of function in nervous tissue caused by an acute insult such as trauma without the part having been directly or detectably damaged. The loss of function is only temporary, usually for a few minutes but it may last for several hours. There may be residual signs due to direct damage when the shock passes. Stunning by a lightning stroke is an example.

shock organs

those organs, specific to each animal species, which respond to allergens circulating in the blood.

septic shock

see toxemic shock.

spinal shock

flaccid paralysis up and down the body from the site of the spinal cord lesion. Accompanied by a fall in skin temperature, vasodilatation and sweating. Signs disappear within an hour or two. There may be residual signs due to physical injury to tissue.

toxic shock

see toxemic shock.

vasogenic shock, vasculogenic shock

shock exists because of the severe reduction in effective circulating blood volume caused by sequestration of blood and other fluids in the vascular system and their withdrawal from the circulating blood. Is the classical shock of traumatic injury, burns, uterine prolapse, extensive surgery.

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insulin shock

Endocrinology 1 A rare clinical event in which excess insulin is administered, causing profound hypoglycemia to levels below that required for normal brain function, causing anxiety, delirium, convulsions, coma, death 2 Hypoglycemia, see there