hypoxic hypoxia

hypoxia /hy·pox·ia/ (hi-pok´se-ah) reduction of oxygen supply to a tissue below physiological levels despite adequate perfusion of the tissue by blood.hypox´ic

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anemic hypoxia  that due to reduction of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood owing to decreased total hemoglobin or altered hemoglobin constituents.

histotoxic hypoxia  that due to impaired use of oxygen by tissues.

hypoxic hypoxia  that due to insufficient oxygen reaching the blood.

stagnant hypoxia  that due to failure to transport sufficient oxygen because of inadequate blood flow.

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hypoxic hypoxia

n.

Hypoxia resulting from a defective mechanism of oxygenation in the lungs, as is caused by a low tension of oxygen, by abnormal pulmonary function, or by a right-to-left shunt in the heart. Also called anoxic anoxia.

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hypoxia [hi-pok´se-ah]

diminished availability of oxygen to the body tissues; its causes are many and varied and includes a deficiency of oxygen in the atmosphere, as in altitude sickness; pulmonary disorders that interfere with adequate ventilation of the lungs; anemia or circulatory deficiencies, leading to inadequate transport and delivery of oxygen to the tissues; and finally, edema or other abnormal conditions of the tissues themselves that impair the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between capillaries and tissues. adj., adj hypox´ic.  

Signs and symptoms vary according to the cause. Generally they include dyspnea, rapid pulse, syncope, and mental disturbances such as delirium or euphoria. cyanosis is not always present and in some cases is not evident until the hypoxia is far advanced. The localized pain of angina pectoris due to hypoxia occurs because of impaired oxygenation of the myocardium. Discoloration of the skin and eventual ulceration that sometimes accompany varicose veins are a result of hypoxia of the involved tissues.

The treatment of hypoxia depends on the primary cause but usually includes administration of oxygen by inhalation (see oxygen therapy). In some vascular diseases, administration of vasodilators may help increase circulation, hence oxygen supply, to the tissues.

affinity hypoxia hypoxia resulting from failure of the hemoglobin to release oxygen to the tissues, as may occur with a left-shifted oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.

anemic hypoxia hypoxia due to reduction of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood as a result of a decrease in the total hemoglobin or an alteration of the hemoglobin constituents.

circulatory hypoxia stagnant hypoxia.

histotoxic hypoxia that due to impaired utilization of oxygen by tissues, as in cyanide poisoning.

hypoxemic hypoxia (hypoxic hypoxia) that due to insufficient oxygen reaching the blood, as at the decreased barometric pressures of high altitudes.

stagnant hypoxia that due to failure to transport sufficient oxygen because of inadequate blood flow, as in heart failure.