hypertonic solution

solution (sloo´shn),

n the process of dissolving. In chemistry a homogeneous dispersion of two or more compounds. In pharmacy, usually a nonalcoholic solution. Solutions containing alcohol are variously called
elixirs, tinctures, spirits, essences, or
hydroalcoholic solutions.

solution, Carnoy's,

n.pr a sclerosing solution; mild; does not cauterize normal oral mucosa if used judiciously. A mild hemostatic.

solution, cleansing,

n a solution especially suited to the removal of adherent food particles by immersion of the denture to avoid damaging the denture by brushing.

solution, disclosing,

n a topically applied dye used in aqueous solution to stain and reveal the extent of calcareous and mucinous deposition on the teeth.

solution, hardening,

n an aqueous solution (often of 2% potassium sulfate) in which a hydrocolloid impression may be immersed to reduce or retard syneresis of the impression material.

solution, hypertonic,

n a mixture containing a concentration of solute in excess of the concentration of the same solute in another mixture to which it is compared. When the two solutions are placed on opposite sides of a permeable membrane (either artificial or natural, as with cell membranes), the hypertonic solution attracts the solvent from the hypotonic solution, equalizing the concentration of the solute in both. See also solution, hypotonic; solution, isotonic; and osmosis.

solution, hypotonic,

n a mixture containing a concentration of solute that is lower than the concentration of the same solute in another mixture to which it is compared. When two such solutions are separated by a permeable membrane, the solvent of the hypotonic solution flows through the membrane to the hypertonic solution, equalizing the concentration of the solute in both. See also solution, hypertonic; solution, isotonic; and osmosis.

solution, isotonic,

n a mixture containing the same concentration of solute as another mixture to which it is compared. When separated by a permeable membrane, osmosis does not occur. See also solution, hypertonic; solution, hypotonic; and osmosis.

solution, parenteral,

n a sterile solution or substance prepared for injection.

solution, physiologic saline,

n a salt solution containing 0.9% sodium chloride in distilled water that exhibits the same molecular concentration as blood.

solution, pickling,

n a solution of acid used for removing oxides and other impurities from dental castings (e.g., solutions of hydrochloric or sulfuric acid).

solution, sclerosing,

n an agent that causes intense inflammation, resulting in fibrosis; used to treat subluxation of the temporomandibular joint, cauterize ulcers, arrest hemorrhage, and treat hemangiomas.

solution, Skinner's,

n.pr an iodine preparation used as a disclosing agent, containing iodine crystals, potassium iodide, zinc iodide, water and glycerine. It is seldom used because of its bad taste.

solution, solid,

n an alloy all of whose constituents are mutually soluble in the solid state.

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solution

1. a liquid preparation of one or more soluble chemical substances usually dissolved in water.

2. the process of dissolving or disrupting.

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aqueous solution

one in which water is used as the solvent.

buffer solution

one that resists appreciable change in its hydrogen ion concentration (pH) when acid or alkali is added to it.

colloid solution, colloidal solution

a preparation consisting of minute particles of matter suspended in a solvent.

hyperbaric solution

one having a greater specific gravity than a standard of reference.

hypertonic solution

one having an osmotic pressure greater than that of a standard of reference.

hypobaric solution

one having a specific gravity less than that of a standard of reference.

hypotonic solution

one having an osmotic pressure less than that of a standard of reference.

iodine solution

a transparent, reddish brown liquid, each 100 ml of which contains 1.8 to 2.2 g of iodine and 2.1 to 2.6 g of sodium iodide; a local anti-infective.

iodine solution (strong)

Lugol's solution.

isobaric solution

a solution having the same specific gravity as a standard of reference.

isotonic solution

one having an osmotic pressure the same as that of a standard of reference.

molar solution

a solution each liter of which contains 1 mole of the dissolved substance; designated 1 M. The concentration of other solutions may be expressed in relation to that of molar solutions as tenth-molar (0.1 M), etc.

normal solution

a solution each liter of which contains 1 chemical equivalent of the dissolved substance; designated 1 N.

ophthalmic solution

a sterile solution, free from foreign particles, for instillation into the eye.

physiological saline solution, physiological salt solution, physiological sodium chloride solution

an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and other components, having an osmotic pressure identical to that of blood serum.

priming solution

the fluid used to fill tubing and the reservoir of a cardiac bypass unit before use.

saline solution

a solution of sodium chloride, or common salt, in purified water.

saturated solution

a solution in which the solvent has taken up all of the dissolved substance that it can hold in solution.

sclerosing solution

one containing an irritant substance that will cause obliteration of a space, such as the lumen of a varicose vein or the cavity of a hernial sac.

standard solution

one containing a fixed amount of solute.

supersaturated solution

one containing a greater quantity of the solute than the solvent can hold in solution under ordinary conditions.

volumetric solution

one that contains a specific quantity of solvent per stated unit of volume.

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solution, hypertonic 

A solution with an osmotic pressure greater than that of an isotonic solution. Hypertonic ophthalmic solutions cause some stinging when instilled. Examples: sodium chloride 5%: when applied to an oedematous cornea this solution reduces oedema by drawing water from it; sulfacetamide sodium 30%; glycerol (or glycerin), at a dose of 1-1.5 g/kg body weight given as a solution with water or other liquid, which draws water from the eye into the blood and thereby reduces the intraocular pressure. Syn. hyperosmotic agent. See hyperosmotic agent; osmotic pressure; physiological saline.
hypotonic s. A solution with an osmotic pressure lower than that of an isotonic solution. Hypotonic ophthalmic solutions generally cause less irritation than hypertonic ones. See osmotic pressure.
isotonic s. A solution with an osmotic pressure equal to that on the other side of a semipermeable membrane. Example: sodium chloride 0.9% is considered to be approximately isotonic with the tears. See osmotic pressure; physio-logical saline.